BI 201 Human Anatomy

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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Classification of receptors
Receptors generally sensitive to a specific type
of stimuli Types ______________ ______________ __
____________ ______________ ______________
Respond to physical deformation
Respond to chemicals
Respond to heat and cold
Respond to tissue damage
Respond to light
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The General Senses __________ __________
_____________ nerve endings _____ ______
______ include warm receptors, cold receptors and
nociceptors ________ ________ flattened nerve
endings for light touch and pressure
_______ ________ with dendrites wrapped around
base of hair follicles respond to light touch
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The General Senses Cutaneous sensation
__________ nerve endings _________ _________
deep pressure _______ _______ 2-point
discrimination and light touch _______ _______
heavy continuous touch _______ ______ _____
_______ ____
stretch of muscle
heavy/excessive tendon tension
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The General Senses Pain
Nociceptors found in most all tissues except the
brain! _____ _____ 12-30m/sec sharp, stabbing,
short duration _____ _____ .5-2m/sec dull ache,
throbbing long duration _____ _____ arises from
skin, connective tissue, muscles
Superficial Deep _____ _____ arises from
internal organs and is due to _____ (stretch),
______ ________ and _________. Causes feelings
of poorly localized pain and nausea.
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Pain
Referred pain interpreted as coming from a
source other than actual source Sensory neurons
from viscera and skin share interneurons and
brain interprets as coming from skin
Ex. Myocardial infarction (MI) is often felt as
pain radiating down left arm. Important
reference for diagnosing internal organ
dysfunction.
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Pain
Pain pathways 1st order neurons
(nociceptors)2nd order neurons (projection)3rd
order neurons
Anesthesia and pain controlLocal anesthesia
(ex. novacaine) decreased Na permeability General
anesthesia (ex. Ether, Nitrous oxide) cross
blood-brain barrier, make plasma membrane more
permeable to K Neuromodulators (ex. Morphine,
endorphins) affect synaptic properties of pain
neurons
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Special Senses Olfaction ( )
Olfaction occurs _____ __________________________
__ on patch of specialized _________. Axons
ascend through ______ ______ (in w/c bone?) to
_________ _______. Can detect _____ distinct
smells, derived from a number of primary odors
7-50
1) __________ 2) __________3) __________
4) __________5) __________ 6)
__________7) __________
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Special Senses Olfaction ( )
Olfactory neurons ________________________________
_____. Like taste must be ___
_____________. Epithelium and neurons are
replaced ______. This is unusual for neurons.
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Special Senses Gustation ( )
Oral chemoreceptors that detect chemicals which
are __ ________ (saliva) are ____ _____.
Taste buds are comprised of specialized ________
____ that synapse with _______.
Associated mainly with ________. Also on lips etc.
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Gustation ( )
Types of papillae ___________ ___________ _______
____ ___________ (most numerous but NO taste buds
here.
Foliate papillae
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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Gustation (taste)
Taste buds can detect _____ basic
tastes ______________________________________
__ Taste buds are specialized to be more
sensitive to specific taste. Taste map



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BI 201 Human Anatomy Physiology
The Senses Gustation (taste)
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)