Animal Cells and Tissue

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Animal Cells and Tissue
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4 Types of Tissue

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

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Epithelial Tissue

• Skin and Glands

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Epithelial Tissue

• Covers body surface and lines inside body
  cavities.
• Functions include
• Lining inside of organs
• Protecting (skin)
• Forming Glands (sweat, mucus, hormone)

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3 Types of Epithelium Tissue (Shapes)

• Squamous Flattened Cells
• Cuboidal Cube Shaped Cells
• Columnar Elongated Cells

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Epithelia Tissue

• Epithelium can be simple or stratified.
• Simple One single cell layer (below)
• Stratified More than one cell layer (right ?)

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Epithelia Tissue - Video
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Connective Tissue

• Bone, Cartilage, and Blood

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Functions of Connective Tissue

• Binding, Supporting, and Protective
• Forming Blood
• Storing Fats
• Filling Space

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Connective Tissue

• Connective cells are separated from one another
  by a non-cellular matrix (substance not made of
  cells).
• Matrix may be
• Solid, as in bone
• Soft, as in Cartilage
• Liquid, as in blood

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Rigid Connective Tissue

• Cartilage and Bone are Rigid connective tissue
• Cartilage is softer.
• Found in areas such as ears, tip of nose, and at
  joints.
• Bone is harder.
• Bone has calcium (milk) in the matrix giving it a
  greater strength

Cartilage
Bone
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Connective Tissue Bone Video
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Liquid Connective Tissue

• Blood is a connective tissue of cells separated
  by a liquid matrix.
• Two types of cells occur
• Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen
• White Blood Cells Immune System

Red Blood Cells
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Connective Tissue
Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-lymphocyte
(erythocytes red platelets yellow
T-lymphocyte light green)
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Connective Tissue Blood Video
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Muscle Tissue

• Skeletal, Smooth, and Heart

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Muscle Tissue

• Muscle Tissue provides movement of the animal by
  contraction of individual muscle cells (called
  Muscle Fibers).
• Three types of muscle fibers
• Skeletal (striated)
• Smooth
• Cardiac (heart)

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Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Striated muscle
• Fibers have alternating bands perpendicular to
  the long part of the cell.
• They function in with the skeletal system for
  voluntary muscle movement.

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Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Video
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Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Fibers lacking alternating banding.
• These cells function in involuntary movements or
  automatic responses
• Breathing
• Secretion
• Reflexes

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Fibers are type of striated muscle found ONLY in
  the heart.
• The cells have a forked shape, usually with the
  nucleus near the center of the cell.

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Cardiac muscle is special in that its only found
  in the heart. Discuss how cardiac muscle has
  attributes of both SKELETAL muscle and SMOOTH
  muscle.

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Muscle Tissue
Heart Muscle Cell (nucleus, mitochondria,
actin-myosin)
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Nervous Tissue

• Neurons and Glia

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Nervous Tissue

• Nervous Tissue helps your body control the
  response to a stimulus (hot, cold, sharp,
  smooth).
• 2 major divisions CNS and PNS
• CNS Central Nervous System (brain and spinal
  cord)
• PNS Peripheral Nervous System (nerves and nerve
  endings)
• Nerve cells are called neurons.
• Close up of a Neuron --------?

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Nervous Tissue

• Two main cell types Neurons and Glia Cells
• Neurons
• Transmit nerve
• signals.
• Glia
• Often surround
• neurons.

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Nervous Tissue

• 3 parts of a neuron
• Dendrites
• Cell Body
• Axon

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Nervous Tissue - Video
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Nervous Tissue
Pyramidal Neurons from the Central Nervous System