Organic chemistry

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• Organic chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Inorganic chemistry

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??

• ????
• ??????????
• ??????????????????????????

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??

• ????????????????????
• ??????????,??????????????????
• ????,????????????,????? ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????
  ?????????????????????????

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??????

• ??(element) ???????????????,????,??(Au)??(Ag)??(
  Cu)??(Fe)??(H2)??(O2)??(N2)???????????????????????
  ????
• ???(compound) ????????????????????,??(H2O)???(Na
  Cl)?????(CO2)????(C6H12O6)???(C12H22O11)??????????
  ?(organic)????(inorganic)?????????????????????????
  ????????(molecule) ? ???????????????,?????????

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??????????

• ????????????????,?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,???????????
• ?( phase)?????????,?????????????????????,???????
  ???

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???????????

• ??(??????)????????39.8,?27.7,?14.5,?8.7,?3.2
  ,?2.5 ,?1.8,?0.6,?0.4 ??
• ??????????44.6 ,?27.7,?8.1,?5.0,?3.6 ,?2.8
  ,?2.6 ,?2.1?
• ??????????63.0 ,?25.5 ,?9.5 ,?1.4 ,?0.31
  ,?0.22 ,?0.06 ,?0.05 ,?0.03 ,?0.03 ,?0.01
  ????????,???????????????

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????(element)???(atom)

• ??????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ???
• ????????109?,???1(?)?92(?)?????,???20?????
• ?????????,??????????????
• ????????????????????,?????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

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????

• ??????????,???????(proton)???(neutron),??(electron
  )?????????????
• ??????(1.602 10 -19??),?????,??????(-1.602
  10 -19??)?
• ??(???1.67310-27??)???(???1.67510-27??)???(??9.1
  110-31??,????1/1836?)???,???(atomic
  weight)?????????

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????????????
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????

• ????????????????????????????
• ????????? / ???(octet) / ????????
• ?????????
• ???????

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???
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????????????
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????

• ?????70??????????????????????????,?????6080???
  ????????
• ??????????????????(?)?????????
• ?????pH?
• H2O ?? H OH- pH -log?
  H ?
• ???????? H ? ? OH- ? 10-7M
• M ?? / ??
• ?? 6.021023
• ? H ? ? OH- ? 10-14

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?????????(???)

• ?????????,????
• ??????????,????????
• ???????????,??(???)??(????)??(????)??(???B12)??(DN
  A????RNA???)??(???)
• ???????,??????

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????????

• ?????????(Na?K?Ca2?Cl-?HCO3-?OH-?HPO42-)??????
• ?????????NaCl
• ??pH?????H2CO3??H HCO3-

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????????(organic chemistry) /????(biochemistry)
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????(biomolecule)???????(functional
group)?????(bond type)-1

• ?(?)?(amino group)??pH????
• ??(hydroxyl group)??(alcohols)???????????????
• ??(carboxyl)???????pH????????????(ester bond)
• ???(carbonyl group)??(keto group)??(
  aldehyde)????????

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????(biomolecule)???????(functional
group)?????(bond type)-2

• ???(sulfhydryl group)??????????Zn2?????(disulf
  ide bond)
• ???(amide group)???????????C-N??????(peptide
  bond)???O?H?????
• ???(phosphoryl group)????(phosphate
  ester)?????(nucleic acid)????????(phosphodiester
  )

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(No Transcript)
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??????????

• ??(alcohols)??(ethanol)???(glycerol)
• ??(sugars)??(ribose)????(glucose)???(sucrose)???(
  starch)
• ??(carboxylic acids)??(acetate)???(lactate)????(p
  yruvate)????(citrate)????(fatty acids)
• ??(lipids)??(oil and fat)???(phospholipid)???(ste
  rol)
• ???(nucleotides)???(nuclic acids)ATP(adenosine
  triphosphate)?DNA(deoxyribonucleic
  acid)?RNA(ribonucleic acid)
• ???(amino acids)????(proteins)???(polypeptide)

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??(sugars)

• ?????????????(polyhydroxyl molecule)
• ??(monosaccharide)???????????????????(??????)????(
  ???????)?????,????????Cx(H2O)x
• ????????????????(disaccharide,??????)???(oligosacc
  haride)???(polysaccharide)

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??
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?????

• ??(starch)????(100 1000????,a-1,4??)?????(?????
  a-1,6,????25????,???15 25????,??300
  6,000????)
• ??(glycogen)??????,?????(???????8
  12????)?????,???????(??50,000????)
• ???(cellulose)????ß-1,4????????????,(??300
  ???15,000????)
• ???(chitin)N-???????(??????????????????)?
  ß-1,4?????????

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?????

• ???????
• ?????????
• ?????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????(???)

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??
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??
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?????

• ??????????????
• ???????
• ???????
• ?????(???????)????D??????

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???ATP????????????ATP????????ATP????ADP
Pi?????
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???NAD ??????,??NADH H NADPH H
??????,??NADP
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??
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??
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DNA
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?????

• ??????????(???????)??????(RNA????)???????(DNA)???
  ?
• ??????????????????(m-RNA)
• ??????????????(r-RNA)????????(t-RNA)
• ??????????????(siRNA)

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???
R H-C-COOH NH3
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???????
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??????

• ?(?)?????????????
• ?(?)???a-????(a-helix)?ß-??(ß-structure)
• ??????????
• ????????????????(???)???

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??????

• ????????????,??
• ?????????,????????????
• ????????,????(interleukin)???????(????????)???????
  (?????? )

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????????

• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????(?)

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????????

• ??????????CO2???CH4
• ???????PLA
• ?????biodiesel

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???(polylactic acid or polylactide, PLA)

• Biodegradable, thermoplastic, aliphatic polyester
  derived from renewable resources
• ??????? ????? ? ??(lactic acid)
• 2 lactic acid ? dimerization ? lactide
• lactide ? polymerization ? polylactide
• PLA??????????????,???????????

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????(biodiesel)

• Diesel-equivalent processed fuel derived from
  biological sources (such as vegetable oils) which
  can be used in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles
• Oil or fat (triglyceride) methanol or ethanol ?
  transesterification ? methyl esters or ethyl
  esters
• ???????????B20 (20??????80?????????????????????
  (B100)