Atomic Energy

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Atomic Energy
Chapter 16
Preview
CRCT Preparation
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CRCT Preparation
Chapter 16
1. Which of the following nuclear processes is
occurring in the diagram? A alpha decay B beta
decay C nuclear fission D nuclear fusion
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CRCT Preparation
Chapter 16
1. Which of the following nuclear processes is
occurring in the diagram? A alpha decay B beta
decay C nuclear fission D nuclear fusion
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CRCT Preparation
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2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the
products does not equal the total mass of the
reactants. Why? A Some of the energy changes
into matter when nuclei join together. B Some of
the energy changes into matter when the nucleus
breaks apart. C Some of the matter changes into
energy when nuclei join together. D Some of the
matter changes into energy when the nucleus
breaks apart.
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2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the
products does not equal the total mass of the
reactants. Why? A Some of the energy changes
into matter when nuclei join together. B Some of
the energy changes into matter when the nucleus
breaks apart. C Some of the matter changes into
energy when nuclei join together. D Some of the
matter changes into energy when the nucleus
breaks apart.
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3. Who is credited with discovering
radioactivity? A Marie Curie B Pierre Curie C
Henri Becquerel D Albert Einstein
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3. Who is credited with discovering
radioactivity? A Marie Curie B Pierre Curie C
Henri Becquerel D Albert Einstein
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4. What type of radioactive decay causes a
uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234
nucleus? A alpha decay B beta decay that releases
an electron C beta decay that releases a
positron D gamma decay
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4. What type of radioactive decay causes a
uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234
nucleus? A alpha decay B beta decay that releases
an electron C beta decay that releases a
positron D gamma decay
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5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can
stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which
material should he use? A several sheets of
paper B several sheets of aluminum foil C several
pieces of cloth D several centimeters of lead
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5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can
stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which
material should he use? A several sheets of
paper B several sheets of aluminum foil C several
pieces of cloth D several centimeters of lead
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CRCT Preparation
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6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The
half-life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is
the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellens sample after
40 minutes? A 2.5 g B 5.0 g C 13 g D 20 g
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6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The
half-life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is
the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellens sample after
40 minutes? A 2.5 g B 5.0 g C 13 g D 20 g
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7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown
radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample
contains one-fourth of the original amount of the
radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the
isotope? A cerium-141 B niobium-95 C
ruthenium-103 D strontium-89
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7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown
radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample
contains one-fourth of the original amount of the
radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the
isotope? A cerium-141 B niobium-95 C
ruthenium-103 D strontium-89
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8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous
series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain
reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled
by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor.
How do control rods work? A Control rods absorb
excess uranium-235. B Control rods absorb emitted
barium-142. C Control rods absorb excess
energy. D Control rods absorb emitted neutrons.
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8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous
series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain
reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled
by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor.
How do control rods work? A Control rods absorb
excess uranium-235. B Control rods absorb emitted
barium-142. C Control rods absorb excess
energy. D Control rods absorb emitted neutrons.
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9. Which of the following is a difference
between a fission reaction and a fusion
reaction? A Fission is a clean source of
energy, but fusion produces a great amount of
radioactive waste. B A fission reaction releases
beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases
alpha particles. C Energy from a fission reaction
is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but
energy from a fusion reaction is released when
nuclei join. D A fission reaction requires very
high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not.
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9. Which of the following is a difference
between a fission reaction and a fusion
reaction? A Fission is a clean source of
energy, but fusion produces a great amount of
radioactive waste. B A fission reaction releases
beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases
alpha particles. C Energy from a fission reaction
is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but
energy from a fusion reaction is released when
nuclei join. D A fission reaction requires very
high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not.
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10. Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary is
located off the coast of Georgia. Scientists have
studied fossils in the area around Grays Reef
and have determined the age of the fossils using
carbon-14 dating. Explain how carbon-14 dating
works.
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10. Answer A half-life is the amount of time
needed for one-half of the nuclei of a
radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of
carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Scientists can measure
the amount of carbon-14 in a fossil to determine
how much of the carbon-14 has decayed and thus
how many half-lives have passed. Scientists then
multiply the number of half-lives that have
passed by 5,730 years to determine the age of the
fossils.
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11. Imagine that your city is planning to build
a new power plant to supply electrical energy to
the city. Some residents support building a power
plant that uses fossil fuels. Other residents
support building a nuclear power plant that will
use energy from fission reactions. Describe two
advantages and two disadvantages to building a
nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel
power plant.
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11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include
two advantages and two disadvantages from the
following lists Advantages of building a
nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel
power plant include Nuclear power plants cost
less to run than plants that use fossil fuels.
Nuclear power plants do not release gases, such
as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. The
use of nuclear power plants allows the supply of
fossil fuels to last longer. Disadvantages of
building a nuclear power plant instead of a
fossil fuel power plant include An accident
in a nuclear power plant may release dangerous
radioactive material into the atmosphere.
Nuclear power plants produce radioactive
waste. Nuclear power plants are more expensive
to build than fossil fuel power plants.