MIGRATION

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MIGRATION

• Chapter 3

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What Is Migration?

• Movement
• Cyclic movement Movement away from home for a
  short period
• Commuting
• Seasonal movement
• Nomadism
• Periodic movement Movement away from home for a
  longer period.
• Migrant labor
• Transhumance
• Military service
• Migration A change in residence intended to be
  permanent

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International migration Movement across country
borders (implying a degree of permanence)
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Internal migration Movement within a single
countrys borders (implying a degree of
permanence)
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Why Do People Migrate?

• Forced migration Movers have no choice but to
  relocate

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Kinds of Voluntary Migration

• Step migration When a migrant follows a series
  of stages, or steps, toward a final destination.
• Intervening opportunity At one of the steps
  along
• the path, pull factors encourage the migrant to
  settle there
• Chain migration Further migration to a place
  where friends or relatives have already settled

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Voluntary Migration

• Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide
• Whether to move
• Where to go
• Distance decay Many migrants settle closer to
  their old home than they originally contemplate

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Ravensteins Laws (Gravity Model)

• Every migration flow generates a return or
  countermigration.
• The majority of migrations move a short distance.
• Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose
  big-city destinations.
• Urban residents are less migratory than
  inhabitants of rural areas.
• Families are less likely to make international
  moves than young adults.

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Push and Pull Factors

• Legal status
• Economic conditions
• Power relationships
• Political circumstances
• Armed conflict and civil war
• Environmental conditions
• Culture and traditions
• Technological advances

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Where Do People Migrate?

• Influences on major global migration flows from
  15501950
• Exploration
• Colonization
• The Atlantic slave trade
• Impacts
• Places migrants leave
• Places to which migrants go

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Major Global Migration Flows (before 1950)
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Regional Migration Flows

• Migration to neighboring countries
• ? For short term economic opportunities
• ? To reconnect with cultural groups across
  borders
• ? To flee political conflict or war

Islands of development Places where foreign
investment, jobs, and infrastructure are
concentrated
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Migration for Economic Opportunity

• Chinese migration in late 1800s and 1900s
  throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade,
  commerce, and finance

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Migration to Reconnect with Cultural Groups

• Migration of about 700,000 Jews to then-Palestine
  between 1900 and 1948
• Forced migration of 600,000 Palestinian Arabs
  after 1948, when the land was divided into two
  states (Israel and Palestine)

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Internal Migration Flows
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Guest Workers

• Migrants allowed into a country to fill a labor
  need, assuming the workers will go home once
  the labor need subsides
• ? Have short term work visas
• ? Send remittances to home country

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Refugees
People who flee across an international boundary
because of a well-founded fear of being
persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social
group, or political opinion
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Regions of Dislocation

• Subsaharan Africa
• North Africa and Southwest Asia
• South Asia
• Southeast Asia
• Europe

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How Do Governments Affect Migration?

• Immigration laws
• U.S. history
• Little restriction
• Quotas by nationality
• Selective immigration

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PostSeptember 11