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MIGRATION

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migration what is it? geographic movement changes people, places diffusion spatial interactions connection to environmental conditions mobility, from local to global ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MIGRATION


1
MIGRATION
  • WHAT IS IT?
  • GEOGRAPHIC
  • MOVEMENT
  • CHANGES PEOPLE, PLACES
  • DIFFUSION
  • SPATIAL INTERACTIONS
  • CONNECTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
  • MOBILITY, FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL, FROM DAILY TO
    ONCE IN A LIFETIME
  • WE ALL LEAVE HOME!

2
  • Human migration is physical movement by humans
    from one area to another, sometimes over long
    distances or in large groups. The movement of
    populations in modern times has continued under
    the form of both voluntary migration within one's
    region, country, or beyond, and involuntary
    migration (which includes the slave trade, and
    ethnic cleansing).

3
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
  • CYCLIC, SHORTER PERIODS AWAY FROM HOME
  • ACTIVITY SPACES
  • COMMUTING
  • SEASONAL
  • NOMADISM
  • PERIODIC, LONGER PERIODS
  • MIGRANT LABOR
  • TRANSHUMANCE-PASTORAL FARMING
  • COLLEGE
  • MILITARY SERVICE
  • MIGRATION, PERMANENCE
  • RELOCATION ACROSS DISTANCE
  • INTERNATIONAL (TRANSNATIONAL, ACROSS
    BORDERS)
  • EMIGRANT (ONE WHO MIGRATES OUT)
    TO IMMIGRANT (ONE
  • MIGRATES IN)
  • EMIGRATION SUBTRACTS FROM TOTAL
    POP. WHILE IMMIGRATION
  • ADDS TO TOTAL POP.
  • INTERNAL MIGRATION

4
THINKING ACTIVITY
  • CHOOSE A TYPE OF CYCLIC OR PERIODIC MOVEMENT.
    THEN THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF THE KIND OF
    MOVEMENT. DETERMINE HOW THIS MOVEMENT CHANGES
    BOTH THE HOME AND THE DESTINATION. HOW DO THESE
    PLACES CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THIS CYCLIC OR
    PERIOD MOVEMENT?

5
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
  • FORCED MIGRATION - IMPOSTION OF POWER FOR
    MOVEMENT
  • EX., ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
  • BRITISH CONVICTS TO AUSTRALIA, USA AND NATIVE
    AMERICAN REMOVALS, USSR PURGES
  • VOLUNTARY MIGRATION MOVEMENT AFTER
    OPTIONS/CHOICES
  • EX., EUROPEAN MIGRATION
  • TO USA, 19TH AND 20TH CEN.,
  • EXCEPT IRISH

6
  • THE DECISION TO MIGRATE HAPPENS WITHIN A
    HOUSEHOLD, PLACE, NATION, REGION, AND WORLD, EACH
    WITH ITS DYNAMICS.

7
WHY? REASONS
  • RAVENSTEIN, UK DEMOGRAPHER AND LAWS OF MIGRATION
  • 1.EVERY MIGRATION FLOW GENERATES A RETURN OR
    COUNTER-MIGRATION
  • 2.MAJORITY OF MIGRANTS MOVE A SHORT DISTANCE.
  • 3.MIGRANTS WHO MOVE LONG DISTANCES TEND TO MOVE
    TO URBAN AREAS.
  • 4.URBAN RESIDENTS ARE LESS MIGRATORY THAN RURAL
    RESIDENTS.
  • 5.FAMILIES ARE LESS LIKELY TO MAKE INTERNATIONAL
    MOVES THAN YOUNG ADULTS.

8
PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
  • RAVENSTEINS GRAVITY MODEL, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
    PLACES BASED ON POP. SIZE AND DISTANCE BETWEEN
    THEM.
  • THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS TO A PLACE DECLINES AS
    DISTANCE OF TRAVEL INCREASES.
  • PUSH-CONDITIONS WHICH FORCE MIGRANT TO LEAVE
  • PULL-CONDITIONS WHICH ATTRACT MIGRANT TO GO
    ELSEWHERE
  • RELATED TO PULL IS DISTANCE DECAY, WHICH IS
    RELATED TO DISTANCE, THE GREATER THE DISTANCE,
    THE LESS INTERACTION.
  • ANOTHER FACTOR, INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY, STATES
    NEARER OPPORTUNITY DIMINISHES FARTHER AWAY SITES.
  • STEP MIGRATION, STAGES OF MIGRATION
  • CHAIN MIGRATION, PREPARATION FOR FAMILY MIGRATION
    RESULTING IN POSSIBLE IMMIGRATION WAVES
  • EX., GREAT MIGRATION, USA, EARLY 1900S

9
TYPES OF PUSH AND PULL
  • 1.LEGAL STATUS
  • DEPORTATION
  • 2.ECO. CONDITIONS
  • 3.POWER RELATIONSHIPS
  • GENDER, ETHNICITY, MONEY FACTORS
  • 4.POLITICS
  • 5.CONFLICT AND CIVIL WAR
  • 6.ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
  • 7.CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
  • 8.TECHNOLOGY

10
WHERE DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
  • WHAT ARE MIGRANTS DESTINATIONS?
  • MIGRATION FLOWS
  • 1.GLOBAL
  • 2.REGIONAL
  • 3.NATIONAL

11
  • Net migration rate showing positive, negative and
    0 (N/A), based on CIA factbook data, accessed
    April 2006

12
GLOBAL, AFTER 1500
  • EURO COLONIZATION
  • FLOWS
  • 1.FROM EUR TO N. AM.
  • 2.FROM S. EUR TO MID. AND S. AM.
  • 3.FROM GB AND IRE TO AF AND AUS
  • 4.FROM AF TO NEW WORLD, SLAVERY
  • 5.FROM INDIA TO E. AF , SE ASIA, WEST INDIES

13
REGIONAL
  • NATION TO NATION
  • WHY?
  • 1.ECO
  • ISLANDS OF DEVELOPMENT
  • (ECO. ACT, JOBS, INFRASTRUCTURE)
  • EX., EUR COL IN AFRICAN COASTAL CITIES,
    AND CHINESE TO SE ASIA
  • 2.CUL. CONNECTIVITY
  • JEWS IN THE MID. EAST, ISRAEL
  • 3.FLEE CONFLICT
  • GERMAN MIGRATION AFTER WW II

14
NATIONAL
  • INTERNAL MIGRATION
  • EX., USA, POP MOVEMENT W. AND S. BLACK MIGRATION
    FROM S TO N THEN BACK S
  • RUSSIA, W. TO E.

15
REFUGEES
  • 1951, REFUGEE CONVENTION
  • A PERSON WHO HAS A WELLFOUNDED FEAR OF BEING
    PERSECUTED FOR REASONS OF RACE, RELIGION,
    NATIONALITY, MEMBERSHIP OF A PARICULAR SOCIAL
    GROUP, OR POLITICAL OPINION
  • ASYLUM, RIGHT TO PROTECTION IN FIRST NATION
  • REPATRIATION, RETURN TO HOMELAND
  • INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, IDPs

16
  • LARGEST SPATIAL AREAS OF REFUGEES
  • 1.SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
  • 2.SW ASIA AND N. AF

17
1.SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
  • EX. SUDAN, DARFUR REGION, NW
  • THE ARAB, ISLAMIC GOVT IN THE N. BEGAN A CAMPAIGN
    OF GENOCIDE AGAINST NON ARAB, DARK-SKINNED
    AFRICANS IN THE S., ALSO FUNDING THE REBEL
    MILITIA GROUP, THE JAJAWEED.
  • POSSIBLY 500,000 DEATHS, 2.5 MIL DISPLACED
  • ABOVE HELPS UNDERSTAND COMPLEX POL. CONFLICT AND
    MIGRATION FLOWS IN SUBSAHARAN AF.

18
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19
2.NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA
  • REGION OF LONGEST-LASTING REFUGEE PROBLEMS
  • EX
  • ISRAELDISPLACED ?
  • IRAQDISPLACED ?
  • JORDAN AND SYRIA DISPLACED ?
  • IRAN AND PAKISTANDISPLACED ?
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