Cold War

1
Cold War

• 1945-1991
• A power struggle between the United States and
  the Soviet Union.

2
Cold War

• Begins with the end of World War II.
• Ends with the break up of the Soviet Union.

3
Cold War

• Completely different philosophies and ideologies
  bring about 46 years of struggle.

4
(No Transcript)
5
Cold War 1945-1991

• Power struggle between the US and the USSR.
• Never shot directly at each other.
• Nuclear Arms Race.

6
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

• Totalitarian State
• Expansionist policy/ Revolution.
• Satellite Nations of Eastern Europe.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Iron Curtain

• Closed border between the Free West and the
  Communist East.
• Stettin in the Baltic, Trieste in the Adriatic.

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Iron Curtain

• Term was coined by Winston Churchill.
• Designed to keep people in rather than to keep
  people out.

14
US Cold War Policies

• Containment
• Stop the spread of Communism.
• Not trying to undo Communism where it already
  exists.

15
Self Determination

• Right of a people to choose their own form of
  government in free elections.
• Main US Cold War Policy

16
US Cold War Policies

• Truman Doctrine
• We will aid any country who resists being
  conquered by the Communists.
• Greece, Turkey

17
US Cold War Policies

• Marshall Plan
• Giving economic aid to European countries to help
  them rebuild from the war.
• Communism only appeals to very poor people.

18
US Cold War Policies

• US Government and military are completely
  reorganized to fight the Communist threat.
• National Security Council.

19
United Nations 1945

• International Organization to promote peace and
  to raise the standard of living of people, and
  promote human rights.

20
United Nations

• Charter was written in San Francisco.
• New York City is Headquarters of UN.
• All members have one vote.

21
(No Transcript)
22
United Nations

• Replaced the League of Nations.
• US was involved this time.

23
Security Council

• 15 members
• 5 perm. Members
• US, USSR, France, GB, China
• Veto power

24
Cold War Events

• Berlin Airlift
• June 20, 1948 East Germany cuts off access to
  West Berlin from West Germany. All supplies had
  to be flown in.
• Lifted in Early 1949.

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Berlin Airlift

• 60 B-52s moved into Europe with Atomic Cargo.
• Containment is considered to have been successful.

29
Cold War Events

• Chinese Civil War
• Started in 1926 and was interrupted by Japanese
  invasion of 1931. Ended in 1949 with the
  Communists in control.

30
Chinese Civil War

• Chiang Kai-Shek
• Leader of the Nationalists movement.
• Not popular with Chinese Peasants.
• Supported by US.

31
(No Transcript)
32
Chinese Civil War

• Mao Tse-Tung
• Leader of the Communists.
• Loved by the Peasants.
• Supported by USSR.
• Peoples Republic of China

33
(No Transcript)
34
Korean War

• Korea was divided at the 38th parallel following
  World War II.
• USSR made North Korea into a Communist country.
• USA made South Korea a democracy.

35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
Korean War

• North Korea invaded June 25, 1950 and swiftly
  gained the upper hand.
• US troops were brought in Japan to reinforce
  those already in Korea.

42
Douglas MacArthur

• Was in charge of the Occupation of Japan.
• Given US command in Korea.
• Landed at Inchon and reversed the direction of
  the war.

43
(No Transcript)
44
Douglas MacArthur

• Invaded North Korea and got to the Yalu River.
• The Peoples Republic of China threw one million
  troops into the war.
• Pushed back to the 38th parallel.

45
(No Transcript)
46
Douglas MacArthur

• Relieved of his command by President Truman for
  insubordination.
• Returned home to a heros welcome.

47
(No Transcript)
48
(No Transcript)
49
(No Transcript)
50
Atomic Threat

• With Peace talks stalled President Eisenhower
  uses the threat of Atomic strikes to get them
  going.

51
Peace with Honor

• Dwight Eisenhower elected President in 1952.
• Visited Korea during his campaign.
• War ended where it began at the 38th Parallel.

52
HUAC

• House Un-American Activities Committee.

53
HUAC

• Created in 1938 to investigate Nazis, Fascists
  and communists.
• 1947 investigation of Hollywood Ten the most
  famous.
• Freedom of speech take a hit
• Blacklists ruin many by accusations

54
McCarthyism

• Joseph McCarthy.
• Senator from Wisconsin.
• Communist Hunter.
• Rode a wave of Communist Mania to national
  prominence.

55
McCarthyism

• Officially condemned by the Senate in 1954.
• Made many accusations but never proved any.
• Red Scare subsided.

56
Red Scare Summation

• Spies and threats existed and had infiltrated the
  government.
• Threats to Civil Rights and Civil Liberties were
  equally dangerous.
• Security or Liberty?

57
Brinksmanship

• The art of taking us to the edge of war with the
  Soviets without going all the way to war.

58
U-2 Incident

• U-2 were high altitude planes used to spy on the
  Soviet Union. They preceded satellites.

59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
U-2 Incident

• President Eisenhower said we were not invading
  Soviet Air space. The Francis Gary Powers was
  shot down, and Captured.
• May 1960

63
Nuclear Arms Race

• Both the US and USSR are busy building the best
  and most sophisticated weapons, and stock piling
  them in huge quantities.

64
Sputnik

• Soviet Satellite that was launched in 1957.
• Circled the Earth 15 times per day.
• Soviet Missile Technology ahead of ours.

65
(No Transcript)
66
Massive Retaliation

• Eisenhowers Policy of relying on Nuclear Weapons
  instead of the more expensive conventional armies.

67
Massive Retaliation

• If we or any of our allies are invaded we will
  respond with Nuclear Weapons.
• We will hit them with everything in the bucket.

68
Mutual Assured Destruction

• Due to technology we nor the Soviets are able to
  hit the other side with Nukes and catch theirs in
  the ground.
• No Surviving a nuclear war.

69
ICBMs

• Used to deliver nuclear war heads.
• Much faster than planes.
• Land, air, water.

70
(No Transcript)
71
(No Transcript)
72
(No Transcript)
73
(No Transcript)
74
Nuclear Winter

• Best scientific guess as to what would happen in
  the event of a nuclear war with the Soviets.
• 18 months
• Radioactivity

75
Baby Boom

• Started in the mid 1940s.
• Men returning from the war.
• Economy booming.
• Birth rate had fallen drastically during the
  Depression.

76
Baby Boom

• Continued through the 1950s.
• Baby boomers are now reaching retirement age.

77
NASA

• National Aeronautical Space Administration.
• Created in 1958 by the US Govt.
• Agency in charge of space exploration.

78
National Defense Education Act

• Designed to improve Math and Science instruction
  in schools.
• Sputnik caused this to happen.
• We feared being behind the Soviets.

79
Military Industrial Complex

• Arms and weapons manufacturing firms, and the
  Military leadership.
• Became immensely powerful and rich during the
  Cold War.

80
Military Industrial Complex

• Eisenhower warned that the country must be aware
  of the huge amount of power wielded by the MIC.