Ch 27: Female Reproductive System

1
Ch 27 Female Reproductive System

• All organs are internal and closely associated
• Primary reproductive organs ?
• Secondary reproductive organs ?

Female repro system must produce gametes AND
maintain developing embryo
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Fig 27-11
2
Ovaries

• Suspended by ovarian ligament suspensory
  ligament
• Functions
• Ova production
• Hormone production

3
Oogenesis ( ovum production)

• takes place inside ovarian
  follicles in ovaries as part of ovarian
  cycle
• Oogonia ( stem cells) complete mitotic
  divisions before birth
• At birth 2 mio primary oocytes
• At puberty 400,000 primary oocytes
• 40 years later 0 (even though only 500 used)
  ? Atresia

4
Oogensis

• Ovarian cycles start at puberty under influence
  of ___
• Primordial follicle
• Primary follicle
• Secondary follicle
• Tertiary (Graafian follicle)

Each month some proceed
Few proceed
Few proceed
Fig 27-12
5
Primordial Follicle or Egg Nests
Present at birth
(simple squamous layer)
in cortex
6
Primary Follicle
Follicles enlarge in response to FSH and produce
estrogens
Follicle cells
Oocytes
7
Secondary Follicle
Few relative to number of primary
follicles Produce follicular fluid Rapid
enlargement
Clear glycoprotein layer
8
Tertiary or Graafian Follicle
Spans entire width of cortex First meiotic
division being completed 1?oocyte divides into
one 2? oocyte and one polar body
9
Oogenesis
Suspended in prophase I
Happens in tertiary follicle
Ovulation
Stops in Metaphase II
10
Ovulation

• Oocyte and follicular cells shed into abdominal
  cavity
• then
• Empty follicle forms corpus luteum which produces
  progesterone
• Corpus luteum degenerates and becomes corpus
  albicans
• GnRH increases under low estrogen and
  progesterone levels

11
Uterine Tube

• Fallopian tube oviduct salpinx
• Two muscular tubes
• infundibulum with fimbriae
• Ampulla (place of fertilization)
• Isthmus
• intramural portion
• Tubal ligation

Fig 27-14
12
Uterine Tube Histology

• Ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar
  epithelium
• Ciliary movement and periodic peristaltic
  contractions move ova
• Secretion of nutrient substances

13
The Uterus

• Uterine wall 1.5 cm
• made up of
• Endometrium,
• Myometrium,
• Incomplete perimetrium
• Blood supply
• Uterine arteries from internal iliac
• Ovarian arteries from abdominal aorta (inferior
  to renal arteries)

Fig 27-16
14
Histology of Endometrium

• Functional zone deciduum, sheds during menses
• menstruation - flow sheds functionalis layer of
  endometrium
• proliferative phase - under influence of estrogen
  basal cells proliferate
• secretory phase - progesterone maintains
  functionalis
• Basilar zone permanent layer, deep to
  functionalis

Fig 27-16
15
Functions of Uterus

• Protection of embryo/fetus
• Nutritional support
• Waste removal
• Ejection of fetus at birth

16
Cervix and Vagina

• Cervix attaches to vagina at 90 angle
• Fornix pocket surrounding uterine cervix
  (surgical access to pelvic cavity location of
  birth control device)
• Vagina fibro-muscular organ serving as
• receptacle for intercourse
• passageway for menstrual products
• birth canal

Fig 27-20b
17
The Mammary Gland

• Modified sweat gland
• Overlaying the ____________ muscle
• 15-20 separate lobes separated by suspensory
  ligaments each lobe contains several secretory
  lobules
• Lactiferous ducts leaving lobules converge into
  15-20 lactiferous sinuses
• Milk stored in lactiferous sinus until released
  at tip of nipple

Fig 27-21
18
Lymphatic Drainage of Mammary Glands . . .

• . . . is of considerable clinical importance, why
  ??

The End
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