Periodic%20Table%20Regions

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Periodic Table Regions

• Chapter 19 - supplement

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I. How are elements classified?

• A. Each element is a member of a family of
  related elements
• 1. Grouped by similarities in physical and
• chemical properties
• 2. There are 4 basic groups
• a. Metals
• b. Nonmetals
• c. Metalloids
• d. Noble gases

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II. Metals

• A. Basic properties of metals
• 1. Shiny and able to be stretched or
• shaped
• 2. Good conductors of electricity and
• heat

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B. 4 Kinds of metals

• 1. Alkali metals (group 1) ? Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,
  Fr
• a. Highly reactive (especially with water)
• b. Soft
• c. Shiny
• d. Have 1 valence electron ? loses it to
  form 1 ions
• e. Rarely found in nature as elements

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B. 4 Kinds of metals

• 2. Alkaline Earth metals (group 2) ?
• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• a. Reactive
• b. Have 2 valence electrons
• ? loses them to form 2 ions
• c. Usually found as compounds
• d. Calcium makes up shells of sea animals

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B. 4 Kinds of metals

• 3. Transition metals
• a. Groups 3-12, and elements 57-71, and
  
• elements 89-103
• b. Variable reactivity
• c. Lose electrons to form cations (positive
  ions)
• d. Conduct heat and electricity
• e. Found as elements in nature
• f. Many uses ? jewelry, wires, pipes, etc.

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B. 4 Kinds of metals

• 4. Other metals ?
• Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po
• 5. Synthetic elements ?
• man-made
• a. All elements with atomic
• number 93 and higher
• b. Most are unstable and radioactive

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III. Non-Metals

• A. On right side of the periodic table
• 1. Some of groups
• 13-16
• 2. All of groups
• 17 and 18

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III. Non-Metals

• B. Very plentiful on Earth
• 1. Found as elements
• 2. Found as compounds
• C. Halogens (group 17) ? F, Cl, Br, I, At
• 1. Form 1 ions
• 2. Very reactive

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IV. Noble Gases

• A. Group 18 ? He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• B. Generally exist as single atoms
• 1. Inert unreactive
• 2. Never form ions

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V. Metalloids

• A. In a stair step pattern between metals and
  nonmetals
• 1. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
• 2. Contain properties of
• metals and nonmetals
• 3. Called semiconductors ? conduct
• heat and electricity a little