WWII

1
WWII

• Neutrality

2
Warm up

• What was historic about the Spanish Civil War?
• A planes were used to drop bombs on cities for
  the 1st time in history.
• How did the US govt. respond to the Spanish Civil
  War?
• A the govt. did nothing for fear of being
  pulled into another war but about 3,000 US
  citizens formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and
  went to fight for the Republicans on their own.
• What was the European diplomatic conference in
  1938 where Britain and France conceded to
  Hitlers demands for part of Czechoslovakia so as
  to avoid war?
• A Munich Conference.

3
More warm Up

• What was the term used for giving into Hitler to
  avoid war?
• A appeasement
• What is the name of this painting?
• A Your mom

4
American Anti-War Sentiment

• Many Americans felt that the United States
  involvement in WWI had been a mistake.
• Nye Commission Blamed bankers arms
  manufacturers for Americas entry into the war.
• Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts that
  were designed to keep America from being pulled
  into another European war.

5
The 1st Neutrality Acts

• Laws (1935-1937) that prohibited
• A. The sale of weapons to nations at war.
• B. US citizens from sailing on ships belonging
  to warring nations.
• C. Loaning to nations at war.
• The 1st set of neutrality Acts did allow for
  non-military goods to be sold to belligerents on
  a cash and carry basis.

6
Interventionism vs. Isolationism

• As Hitler began to take over more and more of
  Europe, many Americans began to think that the US
  should not be neutral and should supply England
  France. They feel it is the moral duty of the US
  to help and to preserve democracy from aggressive
  dictators.
• These people are called Interventionists.
• Still, others think that Europe has nothing to
  do with the US and want to remain neutral
  (Isolationists).
• The Isolationists form the America First
  Committee.

7
Cartoons
8
Thinking

• What are some reasons for the U.S. to remain
  neutral (not get involved) in WWII?
• What are some reasons for getting involved?

9
Read Handout

• What are some reasons that Lindbergh is against
  getting involved in the war?
• What are some arguments that the New York Times
  puts forth against isolationism?

10
Warm Up

• What was the name of the government commission
  that said that the reason that the US had entered
  WWI was because of the influence of bankers and
  arms manufactures?
• A Nye Commission
• What actions did the US government take during
  the 1930s to try to avoid having the US being
  pulled into another European war?
• A passed the Neutrality Acts.

11

• Once the war broke out, who were the people that
  thought that we should try to help the Allies?
• A interventionists
• Who were the people who felt that the war was
  none of our business?
• A isolationists
• What was the name of the organization formed by
  the isolationists?
• A America First

12
Warm up

• What was historic about the Spanish Civil War?
• A planes were used to drop bombs on cities for
  the 1st time in history.
• How did the US govt. respond to the Spanish Civil
  War?
• A the govt. did nothing for fear of being
  pulled into another war but about 3,000 US
  citizens formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and
  went to fight for the Republicans on their own.
• What was the European diplomatic conference in
  1938 where Britain and France conceded to
  Hitlers demands for part of Czechoslovakia so as
  to avoid war?
• A Munich Conference.

13
More warm Up

• What was the term used for giving into Hitler to
  avoid war?
• A appeasement
• What is the name of this painting?
• A Guernica

14
The Neutrality Act of 1939

• After the Nazi invasion of Poland.
• US amends Neutrality Acts to allow for the
  Cash-and-Carry sale of arms.
• This was to help the Allies (England France).

15
FDRs Quarantine Speech

• Delivered in the heartland of isolationismChicago
  .
• In response to Japanese aggression in China (and
  Hitlers in Europe).
• Called on democracies to embargo aggressors.

16
America begins to Militarize

• FDR felt that it was important to begin to build
  up the US military just in case.
• In 1939, FDR created the War Resources Board to
  plan for mobilization.
• In 1940, the US began spending 1.5 billion
  per-month on military production (planes, tanks,
  etc.).
• The US has its 1st peace-time draft (men 21-35).

17
Destroyers for Bases

• FDR trades 50 old destroyers to England in
  exchange for 99-year leases for air/naval bases
  in Brit. TerritoriesNewfoundland, Bermuda, and
  the Caribbean.

18
FDR Runs Again

• Because of the twin threats of the Depression and
  War, FDR decides to run for an unprecedented 3rd
  term.
• He defeats the Republican nominee Wendell Willkie.

19
The War in Europe

• In 1940, The Germans conquered Denmark, Norway,
  the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg.
• This left just France and England.
• The French had a huge bunker and trench system on
  their border with Germany The Maginot Line.
• The Germans simply came through Belgium and
  attacked the French from behind.

20

• England had soldiers in France to try and help,
  but the Germans drove them from the continent
  with the evacuation at Dunkirk.
• The French surrendered on June 14, 1940.
• This left just England alone to fight the
  Germans!

21
(No Transcript)
22
Vichy France

• A puppet government is set up in France.
• They Collaborate with the Nazis.
• They are called the Vichy Govt.
• They are led by Marshall Petain.

23
The Battle of Britain

• After Hitler takes over France, he begins to use
  it as a base to Bomb England.
• The English air force (the RAF) is so good
  though, that Germany begins only to bomb at
  night.
• The English refer to this bombing as The Blitz.
• Many people send their children to the
  country-side for safety.

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
Pics. Of Battle of Britain
27
Lend-Lease

• After FDR won reelection, he told Americans, We
  must become the arsenal for democracy.
• FDR proposes Lend-Lease.
• Lend-Lease is a program in which the US can sell,
  lend, or lease military supplies to any nation
  deemed vital to the defense of the US.
• FDR says its like lending a hose to a neighbor
  whose house is on fire. When its over, they give
  it back.
• FDR does this because he wants to help England
  since they are the only country left fighting
  against Hitler.

28
(No Transcript)
29
Lend-Lease brings US closer to War.

• Because of German sub Wolf Packs, FDR begins to
  send armed US ships to escort supplies across the
  Atlantic.
• How could this draw the US into the war?
• Eventually, the Germans attack a few US ships.

30
The Atlantic Charter

• In August 1941, FDR met with British Prime
  Minister Winston Churchill on a ship off of the
  coast of Newfoundland.
• They discussed war strategy and plans for the
  post-war world.
• They issued their ideas in the Atlantic Charter.
• It called for self-determination, FDRs
  4-freedoms, and international organization to
  ensure the 4-freedomsthe United Nations.

31
(No Transcript)
32
4 Freedoms

• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of religion
• Freedom from Fear
• Freedom from Want

33
Writing

• Write a paragraph in which you explain how and
  why the US went from strict neutrality to
  basically giving weapons to England.