Reform Movements in America

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Reform Movements in America
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Public Education

• Before 1860, only two states made school
  mandatory
• Few children went to school beyond the age of 10
• In the 1830s Americans begin to demand
  tax-supported public schools

• Horace Mann, an educator of Massachusetts, helped
  establish teacher training programs and also
  doubled the money that his state spent on schools
• Public schools in the South and the West took
  longer to be established

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Abolition Movement

• Abolitionmovement to end slavery
• led by preachers who believed slavery was a
  national sin
• 1820s, over 100 antislavery societies call for
  resettlement in Africa

• William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist
• Publishes The Liberator, demands immediate
  emancipation- the freeing of slaves, with no
  payment to slave holders

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William Lloyd Garrison
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Abolition Movement

• Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out on
  slavery
• Begins his own antislavery newspaper, The North
  Star

• Sarah and Angela Grimke
• These women spoke out against slavery and gender
  inequality
• Ran school for women

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Temperance Movement

• Temperance Movement- movement led by churches to
  prohibit the drinking of alcohol
• By 1833, over 6,000 temperance societies were
  established throughout the U.S
• This movement would eventually cause the U.S to
  pass the 18th Amendment in 1917

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You Decide
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You Decide
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You Decide
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You Decide
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Women and Reform

• Cult of Domesticity- idea that housework and
  childcare were the only proper activities for
  married women
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott call
  womens rights convention
• 1848 Seneca Falls Convention (first womens
  rights convention)- approves declaration of
  womens rights

• The declaration of womens right was passed
  unanimously, except for 1 issue
• The resolution given the women the right to vote
  was only narrowly passed

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Andrew Jackson

• Expanding Suffrage
• During Adams presidency (1824-1828) most states
  eased the voting requirements
• fewer states had property qualifications for
  voting
• the voting population was enlarged

• Andrew Jackson wins election (1828), has support
  of common people

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Jacksonian Style

• Jacksonian democracyideal of political power for
  all classes
• Spoils system- political supporters of the
  president get jobs based on political loyalty,
  campaign donations and support during election
  years