The Cell and it

1
The Cell and its Parts

• Boy! What a little cell can do!

2
The Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
   function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

3
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes
• Have cell membrane
• Have cytoplasm
• DNA is free floating in cytoplasm
• NO NUCLEUS
• Bacteria!

• Eukaryotes
• Have cell membrane
• Have cytoplasm
• DNA is contained
• IN NUCLEUS
• Have organelles
• Specialized structures with specific functions

4
Structural components of cells

• Cell Membrane
• Functions
• Controls movement in and out of cell
• Receives signals from other cells (in
  multicellular orgs)
• Found in
• All cells
• Cytoplasm
• Function
• Site of chemical reactions
• Contained by cell membrane
• Found in
• All cells
• Cell Wall
• Function
• Provides support
• Found in
• Plants and Fungi
• Surrounds cell membrane

5
Organelles found in Eukaryotes

• Nucleus
• Function
• Contains DNA (chromatin)
• Control center of cell
• Surrounded by Nuclear membrane
• Nucleolus
• Center of nucleus
• Site of ribosome synthesis
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells

6
Organelles found in Eukaryotes

• Ribosomes
• Function
• Site of protein synthesis
• Little dots
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Function
• Assembly of cell parts and transport
• Smooth has no ribosomes
• Rough has ribosomes on surface
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells

7
Organelles found in Eukaryotes

• Golgi Apparatus
• Function
• Proteins are packaged and shipped here
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells
• Lysosomes
• Function
• Contain enzymes that break down things
• Found in
• Heterotrophic cells

8
Organelles found in Eukaryotes

• Mitochondria
• Function
• Site of cellular respiration
• Releasing energy from food
• Powerhouse of cell
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells
• Vacuole
• Function
• Empty space used for storage
• Much LARGER in plant cellsWHY?
• Need to store water and starch
• Found in
• All eukaryotic cells

9
Organelle found only in Autotrophs!(Plants and
some Protists)

• Chloroplast
• Function
• Site of photosynthesis
• Uses suns energy and water to make food!
• Found in
• Plant cells, and some Protists

10
Animal Cell
11
Plant Cell
12
Lets compare Animal and Plant cells
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria,
Ribosomes, ER, Golgi
Lysosomes Small Vacuoles
Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole
13
Lets compare unicellular to multicellular
organisms!

• Unicellular
• Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Lysosome

• Multicellular
• Nervous system
• Skin Respiratory
• Digestive system