NeoClassicism

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NeoClassicism
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Background

• Mid 1700s to mid 1800s
• Dominant areas France and England
• Arose as a reaction against the excesses of
  Rococo art
• Scientific and archeological discoveries such as
  buried Roman cities of Herculaneum (1738) and
  Pompeii (1748)
• Engravings and publications on the individual and
  chronological art periods in Greek and Roman
  history
• Renewed interest in Greek antiquitynot just
  Roman
• German scholar Johann Joachim Winckelmann
  prompted sculptors to embrace the idealized
  approach Greeks had to figure sculpturecreate an
  archetype for figure sculpture

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Characteristics

• Earlier works heavily influenced by Renaissance,
  Baroque and Rococo artworks but with a rational
  shift
• 1780s saw a shift in style in France.revolution
  influenced style to similar of Roman themes of
  stoicism, nationalism and heroism
• Outline and linear design
• Historical accuracy especially in architecture
  and costume
• Simplicity in form and setting

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Jacques-louis David (1748 - 1825)

• Born in France
• Earliest training in a Rococo style under
  Bouchershort lived
• 1775-80 studied in Italy and adopted a more
  patriotic style
• Believed in the revolution and it almost had him
  executedsaved by wife
• Ended in Brussels

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Napolean Crossing the Alps
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Marat Assassinated 1793
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Angelica Kauffmann (1741 - 1807)

• Swiss born
• Prodigy in art and music at early age (11)
• Trained in Italy
• Supportive father
• Met Sir Joshua Reynolds and helped found the
  Royal Academy in 1769
• Moved to England and married fellow artist
  Antonio Zucchi

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Virgil reading the ''Aeneid'' to Augustus and
Octavia ,   1788
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Parting of Abelard and Heloise   Before 1780
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Study for the portrait of the Marchioness of
Townshend and son
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Jean-auguste-dominique Ingres (1780 - 1867)

• Born in France
• 1797 Father prompted him to go to Paris to study
  under David
• Won the prix de Rome in 1801

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Characteristics

• Idealization of human forms
• Elongated backs
• Drawing techniques reflected in works

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Jupiter and Thetis
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Vicomtess Othenin d'Haussonville, née
Louise-Albertine de Broglie
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Study
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Antonio Canova

•  b. 1757 Possagno, Italy, d. 1822 Venice, Italy 
• Sculptor
• Worked predominantly in marble
• Created plaster models to scale prior to carving
  works
• Took several trips to Rome to study
• Became the most celebrated sculptor of
  NeoClassical period

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Characteristics

• Earlier works had emotion from Baroque and
  appealed to wealthy patrons from Venice
• Grandeur
• Physically idealized
• Mythological themes
• Portraits often blended mythology with reality
• Created full scale plaster models of sculptures
  prior to starting marble incarnations

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Plaster model for Cupid and Psyche, 18th century
(1794)Plaster
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(No Transcript)
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Theseus and the Minotaur1781-83Marble
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Perseus with the Head of Medusa, 18046
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Architecture

• Heavily influenced by archeological discoveries
  of ancient Greek/Roman structrues
• Classic Greek/Roman temple epitomy of pure
  architectural style sought after for neoclassicism

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Characteristics

• Clean, elegant lines
• Uncluttered appearance
• Long, flat rows of free standing columns for
  structural support
• Massive buildings
• Flat, horizontal roofs
• Lack of towers or domes
• Symmetrical flat facades with lack of
  ornamentation
• Geometrically patterned gardens

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Notable architects

• Karl Friedrich Schinkel
• John Soane
• Charles Cameron
• Juan de Villanueva

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Juan de VillanuevaPrado Museum 1785
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Karl Friedrich SchinkelThe Altes Museum ("Old
Museum") in Berlin
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John SoaneMoggerhangerhouse
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Resources

• http//www.all-art.org/history356.html
• http//wwar.com/masters/movements/neoclassicism.ht
  ml
• http//www.jeanaugustedominiqueingres.org/
• http//www.abcgallery.com/B/boucher/boucher51.html
  
• http//s7d2.scene7.com/is/image/Fathead/3713118_in
  gres-apotheosis-homer-18x24-smart_prod?layercomp
  wid640hei640fmtjpegqlt95,1op_sharpen1res
  Modebicubop_usm0.5,0.2,0,0iccEmbed0bgc0xded
  edebgColor0xdedede
• http//www.artble.com/artists/jean_auguste_dominiq
  ue_ingres
• http//musee.louvre.fr/oal/psyche/psyche_acc_en.ht
  ml
• http//www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/canova_antoni
  o.html
• http//www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/bio/c/canova/biog
  raph.html
• http//www.worldofleveldesign.com/categories/archi
  tecture/neoclassical/neoclassical_architecture.php
  

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Critique19th century
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Comparative
Dominique Ingres triumph of Homer oil on canvas
Francois Boucher Apollo revealing his divinity
to the Shephardess
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Romanticism
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Background

• 1760-1870 approx
• Reaction against NeoClassicism style not the
  appreciation of antiquities
• Began in N Europe with a rejection of technical
  restrictions calling for perfection
• Influenced by literature of time
• Explored the interdisciplinary nature of art
  music, dance, etc
• Orientalism had huge influence upon works
• Exploration of the individual, exotic, folk
  origins, ethnic origins, and occult.
• Break from strict guidelines of Neoclassicism

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Characteristics

• Concerned with the personal, emotional and
  transcendental experience
• Natures beauty intrinsic to works
• Senses over reason and emotion over reason
• Imagination
• Struggle between heavenly ideals and earthly
  desires
• Included the American Hudson River School of
  landscape painters (1835-1870)

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Eugene Delacroix

• 1798-1863
• Born in France
• Use of color and technique influenced
  Impressionists and Post Impressionist artists
• Historical themes as well as visit to Morocco
  dominated works
• Created more than 850 paintings
• Technique often employed the application of
  colors not blended, yet from a distance, a sense
  of whole color.kick start to Impressionist
  technique

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The Sultan of Morocco and his Entourage
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Andromeda c. 1852
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Lion Hunt 1854
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Francisco Goya y Lucientes

• 1746-1828
• Born in Spain
• Young age trained with local artist
• Went to Italy to finish studies
• Came back, painted frescoes in a Rococo style for
  local churchmade him
• Worked as cartoon painter for textile
  companywhere his genre of everyday life
  depictions started
• Became portrait painter for aristocracy and
  eventually for king.elected court painter
• France came in.brutal conflictdepicted in a
  series of etchings published posthumously The
  Disasters of War
• French court painter
• Pardoned when Spain regained control.but
  eventually lost favor and voluntarily left spain
  for France

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Characteristics of work

• Color technique that applied color in strokes
  next to each other instead of blended
• Keen observations of human nature
• A realistic approach to theme

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1783 portrait of Count Floridabana1st
important commission
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Los Caprichos

• 1797 works on 80 etchings under the guise of
  exploration into witchcraft practices in Spain
• It is believed that this is a veil for the true
  subject.inquisition practices by powerful and
  unchecked Church

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Los Caprichos plate 77

• Text caption (below) from the "Prado" etching
  version
• "The way of the world. The people laugh and play
  bullfightering with each other. He who yesterday
  played the bull plays today the toreador. Chance
  rules the game and assigns the parts according to
  her caprices."

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The sleep of reason produces monsters1797-98Etch
ing with aquatint
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Isabel de Porcel1804-05
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TimeLes Vieillesc. 1810-12
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Disasters of War

• http//www.napoleonguide.com/goyaind.htm

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The Shootings of May Third 18081814
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Burial of the Sardinec. 1816
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Resources

• http//www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/romant
  icism/arthistory_romanticism.html
• http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/delacroix/lio
  n-hunt.jpg
• http//www.eugenedelacroix.org/
• http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/goya/
• http//www.eeweems.com/goya/index.php

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Critique
JMW Turner Slavers throwing overboard the Dead
and Dying - Typhoon coming on ("The Slave Ship")
1840 Oil on canvas
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Comparative Summary
Angelica Kauffman The Family of the Earl of Gower
1772

• John Constable Salisbury Cathedral from the
  Bishop's Grounds c. 1825