Integrated nutrient management in mango

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Role and deficiency symptoms of secondary
nutrients in grape

Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S) are
also found at high levels in grapevine tissue and
contribute to the functioning and structure of
the vine.
Essential plant nutrients play important role in
metabolic activities of the plant. Hence, proper
supply of nutrients is very much essential for
better growth and yield of the grapevine.
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Calcium (Ca) is sometimes considered a low key
nutrient, but it carries a heavy load in plant
growth. It is important to use chemical
fertilizers judiciously to get higher yield
without affecting soil health.

Thus, it is important to have knowledge about the
role and deficiency symptoms of different
elements on grapevines . Therefore in this RLO
you will learn the role and deficiency symptoms
of secondary nutrients on grapes.
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Objective

• After completing this lesson, you will be able to
  
• Learn the role and deficiency symptoms of
  secondary nutrients like Ca, Mg and S in
  grapevines

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Role of calcium

Calcium is important in the assimilation of N and
transport of carbohydrates and amino acids.
Calcium plays an important role in the structural
functions in the cellular membranes and walls
throughout the entire plant.
Calcium, an essential part of plant cell wall
structure, provides for normal transport and
retention of other elements as well as strength
in the plant. It also helps to counteract the
effect of alkali salts and organic acids within a
plant. 
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Role of calcium

Adequate calcium produced berries firmer, with a
better appearance, better resist handling and
transport and have a lower incidence of
physiological disturbance.
The greatest demand for Ca occurs during the
post-harvest flush and the initial development of
the berries.
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Role of Magnesium
Magnesium occurs in the chlorophyll molecule and
in enzymes that induce the formation of amino
acids for protein synthesis.
Application of excess amounts of Ca and K
decrease the uptake of Mg.
It also participates in P transport within the
plant.
Role of sulphur
Sulphur is the principal component of amino acids
and vegetable proteins.
It is an enzyme activator and participates in
chlorophyll synthesis.
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Deficiency symptoms of calcium

Deficiency of calcium decreased vine vigour and
yield
Excess calcium reduced the growth of root, shoot
and leaves
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Deficiency symptoms of magnesium
Young leaves become necrotic and mature leaves
become chlorotic.

Interveinal chlorosis followed by necrosis become
apparent from the beginning of chlorosis
The chlorotic spot spread rapidly all over the
blade and inward to the primary vein leaving only
the inner half of the primary and secondary veins
bordered by a normal green colour
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Deficiency symptoms of sulphur
Very less work has been done on sulphur nutrition
in India. It may be because natural unintentional
supply of S from the soil organic matter and the
use of S rich fertilizers.

Sulphur deficiency drastically decreases protein
content in grape
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Deficiency symptoms of sulphur
Symptoms may be similar to N deficiency and are
most often found in sandy soils that are low in
organic matter and receive moderate to heavy
rainfall.

Plant stems are stiff, thin, and woody
Higher concentration of sulphur-dioxide in the
atmosphere near brick and other industrial units
burning coal has resulted in Black tip.
Its deficiency leads to side scorching of leaves.