Review: Population

1
Review Population First Nations (Pre-1608)
2

• Not a question but know this Describe the key
  elements of the Land bridge theory.
• Year 15, 000 years ago
• Reason Aboriginals were following sources of
  food and water
• Location They left Asia and came to Alaska via
  the Bering Strait
• 1. What were the three aboriginal language groups
  in Quebec at the time of contact?
• Iroquois, Algonquin, Inuit

3
2. Identify the key characteristics of the First
Occupants of eastern Canada (lifestyle,
geographic location, social organization,
economy, dwelling).
Algonquian's Iroquois Inuit
Way of Life Nomadic Sedentary Nomadic
Type of dwelling Wigwams Longhouses Igloos, Hide Tents
Economy/Activities Hunting Farming Hunting
Location Canadian Shield St. Lawrence Lowlands Arctic
Social Organization Patriarchy Matriarchy Patriarchy
4

• 3. Know where each group lived on a map

ARCTIC INUIT
CANADIAN SHIELD ALGONQUIN
ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS IROQUOIS
5

• Review Population
• The French Regime (Pre-1608)

6

• What are three reasons for early exploration in
  the 15th and 16th centuries?
• Route to Asia
• To claim land
• Riches
• Fame
• Adventure
• Spread Christianity
• IGNORE QUESTION 2, 3, 4
• 5. Who established the first permanent settlement
  in New France? What was its name? What year was
  it founded? For what purpose was it founded?
• Who Samuel de Champlain
• Name LHabitation
• Year 1608
• Purpose Fur Trade

7

• 6) Before 1663, who was responsible for
  populating the colony of New France? What sorts
  of people settled in New France? Why was this
  not conducive to population growth?
• The company of 100 Associates/fur trade company
  was responsible for populating New France before
  1663
• Mostly men were settling in New France
• Theres werent enough women for babies to be
  born
• 7) What jobs were available to men in the fur
  trade?
• Voyageurs, Coureur de bois, fur trade merchants
• 8) How did the fur trade impact the territory of
  New France?
• Created trading posts throughout New France
• It expanded the territory inland

8

• 9) What are the two ways in which the French and
  Aboriginals came into contact with one another?
  How did this impact the Aboriginal population?
• Evangelization
• Fur Trade
• 10) What is the name of the government system
  implemented in 1663? Who was the first
  intendant?
• Royal Government, Jean Talon

9

• 11) Jean Talon encouraged population growth
  through immigration and natural increase. Use
  details and specific examples to explain how he
  did this.

GROUPS Push/Pull Factors
Engages Hired workers who agreed to come for three years
Soldiers Men came with the Carignan Salieres regiment. Usually offered seigneuries.
Fillles du Roi Orphan women sent to relieve the shortage of women in the colony
Farmers Land was available.
10
POLICIES TO IMPROVE NATURAL GROWTH/BABIES
PAYMENTS MADE TO COUPLES WHO MARRIED YOUNG
FATHERS OF UNMARRIED GIRLS AGED 17 OR OVER WERE FINED
UNMARRIED MEN AGED 21 OR OVER WERE FINED, BANNED FROM THE FUR TRADE
FAMILY ALLOWANCES GIVEN TO BIG FAMILIES
12) What was the role of missionaries in New
France? Evangelize the natives
11

• 13. What was the system of land development in
  New France called? Describe the layout?
• System of land division was called the
  Seigneurial System
• Land was divided into long, rectangular lots,
  perpendicular the the water

12
Review Population The British Rule (1760 -
1867)
13

• 1) When did the British takeover New France?
• 1760
• 2) How did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 impact
  the territory and population of New France?
• 3) Who are the loyalists? Why did they come to
  Quebec? How did their arrival impact the
  population of Quebec?
• Loyalists People from the 13 colonies who chose
  to remain loyal to the British Crown during the
  American Revolution
• They came to Quebec because it was still under
  British Rule
• Their arrival created an Anglophone minority in
  the colony of Quebec

• - Created the reserve system territories
  exclusively reserved for Amerindians to live on,
  and Province of Quebec created.
• - French immigration stopped

14

• 4) In 1791, the Constitutional Act came into
  effect. It split Quebec into two parts one for
  the French and one for the English. What were
  the two parts called?
• Upper Canada mostly Anglophones
• Lower Canada mostly
  Francophones
• 5) In the mid 1800s, we start getting a lot of
  immigrants from Ireland. Why? Name the other
  Anglophone groups that immigrated to Quebec
  during this time.
• Irish potato famine
• British, Welsh, Scottish
• 6) What system of land division did the British
  establish in Quebec? How did it differ from the
  Seigneurial system?
• Township system, which was divided into square
  lots instead of rectangles

15

• 7) Why did French Canadiens begin to emigrate to
  New England/USA in the early 19th century? Which
  states in New England did they settle in?
• They emigrated due to
• scarcity of land
• overcrowding on the seigneuries
• the availability of jobs in factories in New
  England
• They settled in
• Massachusetts
• Maine
• 8) What did the government and church do in
  response to French Canadiens emigration in the
  1800s?
• They opened up new areas of colonization for
  settlement and agriculture

16

• 9) What is Grosse lle?
• It was an island used to quarantine immigrants
  with diseases like typhus, cholera and smallpox
  when they arrived to Quebec
• 10) Which group used the Underground Railroad to
  come to British North America?
• African American slaves
• 11) How was Amerindian territory influenced by
  European migration to British North America?
• It reduced their hunting and fishing territory
• 12) What was the significant change in the
  population of Quebec by the end of the British
  Regime?
• More Anglophones in the population/minority

17
Review Population The Contemporary Period
18

• 1) What law created the country of Canada in
  1867?
• British North America Act
• 2) Which two levels of government were created
  once Canada became a country?
• Federal and Provincial

19

• 3) What is the name of the policy, which Prime
  Minister MacDonald puts into place to strengthen.
• National Policy
• 4) In what year was the above policy created?
• 1879
• 5) Did the National Policy address immigration?
  If so, what did it intend to do in this regard?
• The intent of the National Policy was to settle
  Western Canada through an influx of immigrants.
  The land in the Prairies was advertised in hopes
  of achieving this goal.

20

• 6) European immigrants were preferred between
  1867 and 1914. Which part of Europe were
  immigrants coming from?
• British Isles Northern Europe
• 7) Who were the Metis, and how did the settlement
  of Canadas West have a negative impact upon
  them?
• The Metis were half French, half native
  inhabitants of Western Canada whose main
  subsistence activity was buffalo hunting.
• The settlement of the west threatened their way
  of life, reduced their hunting fishing ground
  and stripped them of their identities.

21

• 8) Which two western Canadian provinces were
  created in 1905?
• Alberta Saskatchewan
• 9) What happens to the status of the Francophone
  population in Canada after 1867?
• Francophones became a minority in the dominion of
  Canada
• 10) Identify two immigrant groups which helped
  build the transcontinental railway.
• Chinese, Indians, Japanese

22

• 11) How was Canadian immigration policy
  discriminatory towards Chinese immigrants at the
  end of the 19th century?
• The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 led to a
  Head Tax forcing Chinese to pay in order to
  enter the country.
• 12) Which two provinces had the largest
  populations in 1867?
• Ontario Quebec

23

• 13) Where do immigrants such as Greeks, Italians,
  and Jews start to settle in the early 1900s?
• They settle in the urban areas of Western Canada.
• 14) Who was Clifford Sifton, and why is he
  significant?
• He is the minister in charge of populating
  Western Canada through immigration and he
  administers a huge advertising campaign to
  achieve this goal.

24

• 15) Which groups were discriminated against in
  the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
• Poor immigrants
• Those considered mentally incompetent
• Non-Europeans
• 16) When was World War I and how did it impact
  immigration to Canada?
• 1914
• For fear of spies entering the country there was
  a pause in immigration to Canada during the war

25

• 17) Between 1871 and 1931, what changes occur in
  Quebecs rural population?
• Overpopulation on seigneuries and scarcity of
  land caused rural population to flee to urban
  areas and the United States/New England to work
  in factories (Urbanization)
• 18) When were the Great Depression and World War
  II, and how do these two events affect
  immigration to Canada?
• Great Depression 1930s
• World War II 1939-1945

Both events PAUSED immigration to Canada
26

• 19) Which groups of Canadian citizens were placed
  in internment camps during World War II?
• Germans, Italians, Japanese
• 20) Which country was the main source of our
  immigrants from about 1900 to 1945?
• Britain
• 21) When was the baby boom?
• 1945-1960
• 22) According to the 1952 Immigration Act, what
  types of immigrants were still the most
  preferred?
• White immigrants from European countries and
  the U.S.

27

• 23) In what year does Canada become officially
  multicultural?
• 1971
• 24) What are the selection criteria for
  immigrants after 1970?
• Job skills, education, age, language, etc
• 25) What four categories of immigrants were
  created under the Immigration Act of 1976?
• Independent
• Family Class
• Those with relatives in Canada
• Refugees

28

• 26) Most immigrants settled in large cities after
  1976. What started to emerge as a result of this
  trend?
• Ethnic neighborhoods
• Ethnic businesses
• diverse places of worship
• 27) What special privileges does the Quebec
  Government have regarding immigration?
• Quebec has the sole responsibility in selecting
  immigrants to the province.

29

• 28) What does the present age breakdown or our
  population look like? Why is this?
• We have a large aging population due the the baby
  boomers reaching retirement age
• There are few babies, as families are having
  fewer children

30

• 29) When was the Immigration and Refugee
  Protection Act implemented? What characterized
  this new change?
• 2001
• ? Authorities given additional powers over
  permanent residents posing a security threat
• ? Conditions for refugee status are
  tightened
• 30) Describe how and why the birth rate changes
  between the French period and the contemporary
  period.
• Women are focused on their careers
• Access to contraception
• Expensive to raise children