The Cold War

1
The Cold War
2
Confrontation of the Super Powers

• Suspicious of one anothers motives the US and
  USSR became rivals
• US and G. Britain pushed for self determination
  in E. Europe
• Soviets wanted to maintain their control and have
  a buffer with the rest of Europe

3
Confrontation of the Super Powers

• Truman Doctrine pledged financial support to
  nations threatened by communism
• Marshall Plan extended further aid aimed toward
  European recovery
• Containment-keep communism within its existing
  borders
• The division of Germany and Berlin

4
The Eastern Bloc
5
The Cold War Spreads

• 1949-Communists take control of China
• 1949- Soviets successfully test an atomic
  bomb-Arms Race begins
• (Mutually Assured Destruction)
• 1957- Sputnik I

6
Sputnik I
7
The Cold War Spreads

• Military Alliances-both sides sought additional
  security
• NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• (mutual help if any member is attacked)
• Warsaw Pact
• SEATO-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
• CENTO-Central Treaty Organization
• The Berlin Wall-Divided East and West Berlin
  (became the symbol of the Cold War)

8
Berlin Wall
9
The Cold War Spreads

• The Korean War
• - Korea was controlled by Japan 1905-1945
• - WWII ends Soviets in N. Korea/US in S. Korea
• - Korea is divided along 38th parallel
• - June 25, 1950 North invades South
• - Truman sends US troops across 38th parallel
• - China sends in troops to and pushes US back
• - Armistice signed 1953- No Victory

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38th Parallel
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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• 1959- Fidel Castro seizes power in Cuba
• 1961- Bay of Pigs Invasion
• 1962- Soviet offensive nuclear weapons discovered
  on Cuba
• US Blockades Cuba (brink of War)
• Crisis ends with a US pledge not to invade Cuba

12
The Cuban Missile Crisis
13
The Cuban Missile Crisis
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Vietnam and the Domino Theory

• Colonial territories throughout SE Asia were
  being overrun by communism
• 1954- France gives up control of Vietnam
• US feared each country would fall to communism
  (Domino Theory)

15
Vietnam and the Domino Theory

• 1965- Communists on the verge of taking over all
  of Vietnam
• 1965- President Johnson sends in US combat troops
• Despite US military superiority war develops into
  a stalemate
• President Nixon escalates the war but is still
  not able to bring victory
• 1975- US withdraws and Vietnam is united under
  communism

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Vietnam and the Domino Theory
17
The Decline of the Soviet Union

• Détente-relaxed and improved relations between US
  and USSR during 1970s
• Corruption and poor planning in industry and
  farming led to weakened economy
• Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 led to a return
  to tension
• Ronald Reagan- evil empire and military buildup

18
The Decline of the Soviet Union

• 1985- Mikhail Gorbechev called for radical
  reforms (perestroika)
• Reduction of nuclear arsenal
• End of military support to E. Europe
• - Communist regimes fall peacefully
• - Independence throughout Soviet territories
• 1991- Soviet Union dissolved

19
The Fall of The Berlin Wall