The Middle Ages.

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The Middle Ages.

• The time of knights and castles
• 500 A.D. 1500 A.D.

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Middle Ages in Europe
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Middle Ages - Castles
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Castles

• Medieval castles were designed in response to the
  weaponry they had to withstand. Wooden castles
  were easily destroyed by the burning missiles
  thrown at it
• Castles began to be built with stone and their
  walls were built higher and thickerexposed walls
  could be as thick as 33 feet.

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Castles

• Rectangular towers were rounded off to deflect
  missiles (arrows from bows or crossbows).
• As protection against battering rams, castle
  doors were reinforced with one or more iron
  grilles and sometimes a second door.

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Knights

• The education of a young noble began early (age
  7).
• He would be sent off to the castle of another
  lord. He waited on his hosts and learned courtly
  manners. He played chess and learned war
  strategies.
• To develop fighting skills, he would practice
  sword fighting

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Education of a Knight

• At around the age of 14, the boy would become a
  squire.
• A squire would act as a servant to a knight.
• The squire took care of the knights armor,
  weapons, and warhorse.
• The squire would also escort the knight to
  battles.

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Education of a Knight

• At around 21, a squirebecame a
  full-fledgedknight.
• Knights were to abide by a complex set of
  ideals, which became known as the code of
  chivalry.

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Tournaments

• Knights would compete in tournaments to
  practice the skills they learned in their
  knight training
• They would compete in contests like jousts and
  sword fights
• Joust- Two knights, separated by 100-300 yards of
  open space, would charge at each other with a
  lance until one was unhorsed.

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Coat of Arms

• In the early 12th century, helmets and other
  armor began making it difficult to tell armed
  warriors apart.
• The solution was for each knight or soldier to
  paint something personal on their shield like a
  team uniform.
• Over time, shield emblem designs became enduring
  symbols of their owners, and of their owners'
  families.

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McLoughlin Coat of Arms
Swords- Warlike Lion- Courage Blue- Loyalty
Truthfulness Crescents- Enlightenment Red-
Military Fortitude
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Coat of Arms Activity

• Read Handout
• Create your own Coat of Arms
• USE COLOR!
• Rulers and Colored Pencils are in the front of
  the room
• Use 2 colors, 2 symbols and 1 animal

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Medieval Europe / Middle Ages

• Unpleasant time known as the Dark Ages  
• Constant invasions in Western Europe
• People left the cities
• Moved to the countryside
• Led to a new way of living.

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Manors

• People left the unsafe cities
• because of the invasions.
• In the country, people lived on manors

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Manorialism

• A manor is a self-sufficient community with
• a castle, a church, and farmlands.
• All economic activity occurred
• on the manor
• No trade outside of the community

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Feudalism

• Feudalism the relationships between the
  different social classes on the manor.

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Feudalism

• The kings had lots of land
• King gave land to lords
• Lords gave their land to knights
• Knights let peasants work the land
• Peasants got protection from the knights.
• Peasants grew food for the manor.

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Serfs

• Peasants were called serfs.
• Serfs were given land to farm
• In return, serfs
• worked in the fields
• built and fixed roads
• fought in wars. 
• Serfs were not slaves
• Serfs were bound to the land

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Guilds Apprentices

• Some people did not work on the farm, but worked
  as craftsmen
• Young boys, known as apprentices, would
  studyunder a craftsman to learntheir trade.
• Each person who workedin a specific trade
  belonged to a group known as a guild
• Ex. All blacksmiths would be part of the same
  guild

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Nobles/Lords

• Nobles were in charge of court and trials
• Nobles punished the guilty
• Nobles gave serfs permission to leave the manor
• Nobles had complete control laws and the daily
  lives of people living on the manor.

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Nobles v. the King

• In England, the King wanted power back
• The King set up courts
• This took power from the nobles
• Nobles wanted to keep their power.

V.
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Magna Carta, 1215

• Nobles made the King sign a document
• The document was called the Magna Carta
• Magna Carta gave nobles back their power
• This means the king loses some power

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Limited Monarchy

• The king now shares powers with nobles
• The nobles met in a legislature called Parliament
• The sharing of power between the kings and the
  nobles is known a limited monarchy.

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Bell Ringer

• What is another name for the Middle Ages?
• When we talk about the Middle Ages, where are we
  talking about?
• What is manorialism?
• What is feudalism?
• Why was the Magna Carta an important document?
• What is the legislative body in England called?

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The Church

• The Church had economic power.
• The church owned the most land on the manor
• The Church got money through tithing (money given
  by the congregation)

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The Church

• The Church had political power
• The Church had its own laws and courts
• Some parish priests ran schools.

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The Church

• Priests and monks spent years transcribing
  (writing copies of) the Bible

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The Church

• The Church is at its most powerful
• The Church was led by pope.
• Priests and nuns converted people

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The Church

• Pope was more powerful than kings!

Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms
the Church was one organization that had respect
and power.
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Middle Ages - Churches and Cathedrals
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The Crusades

• The Crusades were battles between Christians and
  Muslims.
• They were fighting over the Holy Land - Jerusalem

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The Crusades

• In the 1050s the Turks invaded the Byzantine
  empire
• The Turks were Muslim
• The Muslim Turks took over Palestine, Holy land.

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The Crusades

• The Muslims and Jews also considered Jerusalem
  their Holy Land.
• The Pope called for a crusade to get back the
  Holy Land

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The Crusades

• Thousands of Christian knights attacked Muslims
  and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem
• Fighting to gain the land for Christians.

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Reasons for the Crusades

• The Pope wanted to increase his power
• Christians believed it was their duty to fight
  for the Holy Land
• Nobles wanted to gain wealth.
• Some people like travel and excitement
• Serfs hoped to escape oppression

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Result of the Crusades - TRADE

• An increase in trade. 
• Returning Crusader brought back many things.
• As the Crusades ended, ships once
• used to carry soldiers to the Middle
• East, now carried goods. 
• Merchants from Italian city
• states dominated the trade. 

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Result of the Crusades - CITIES

• Merchants (sellers) set up towns as places to
  trade.
• People began to use money, and not barter (trade)

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Result of the Crusades SERFS MOVE

• The beginning of the end of feudalism
• Serfs earn money and pay their obligation to
  lords instead of working the land

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Result of the Crusades CULTRUAL DIFFUSION

• Cultural diffusion is the spread of one culture
  to another
• Happened because of more trade

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Result of the Crusades - PERSECUTION

• Persecution of Jews and Muslims
• Persecute means to treat badly, harass, or
  mistreat people

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The Black Death

• Known as the bubonic plague
• A highly infectious disease spread by the fleas
  on rats.
• Started in China
• An epidemic that spread from country to country.
• Spread by rats on ships bringing goods to trade.
  

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The Black Death

• In six years the plague killed
• over 25 million people in Europe.
• Thats one person out of every three

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Summary

• The Roman Empire fell because of attacks and
  disease (brought on by trade)
• In the Middle Ages the Church replaced
  governments as the central authority.