World Hunger Introduction

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World Hunger Introduction

• Sources
• The State of Food Insecurity 2015 (FAO)
• The World Food Problem (2009, Leathers and Foster)

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World Hunger Facts

• Worldwide, about 800 million people are
  undernourished
• Most in the Developing world
• Dont get enough calories each day
• Susceptible to illness
• Unable to lead productive lives
• Chronic undernourishment
• Due to extreme poverty
• But undernourishment has been slowly declining
  since 1990

http//www.ehponline.org/docs/2004/112-14/hungry.j
pg
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Decrease in Undernourishment since 1990
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Undernourishment 1990-2015
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Hunger has increased in Sub Saharan Africa
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World Hunger Issues

• Poorest cannot afford food
• Food prices up
• Increased demand from emerging countries
• Economic development
• Population increase
• Biofuels production
• Reduced crop production
• Climate change
• Slow Economic Recovery
• From recession of 2008

http//www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/faohome/hom
e_photo/image_home_en.jpg
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World Hunger Facts

• Over 20,000 people die each day due to causes
  related to undernutrition
• ¾ of these are children under the age of 5
• About 6 million/year

http//www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2005/06/30/poverty_
wideweb__430x387.jpg
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Undernutrition and Child Death
http//rehydrate.org/images/child-deaths-undernutr
ition.gif
ftp//ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
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Common Scenario

• Mother
• Poorly educated
• Food is scarce
• Several children
• Youngest child
• undernourished
• Disease resistance low
• Drinks unsanitary water
• Develops diarrhea
• Loses interest in eating

http//static.flickr.com/73/193642829_3da338122c.j
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Common Scenario

• Mother removes solids from childs diet
• Not enough nourishment to fight disease
• Diarrhea continues
• Mother removes liquids
• Dehydration
• Death

http//www.aa2sbu.org/aaezine/images/Fall2002/Star
ving_child_carried.jpg
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Malnutrition Cycle
http//notaids.com/images/cycle.gif
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Importance of Maternal Health
1 in 6 babies in developing countries have low
birthweight
http//www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0200e/a0200e00.htm
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Causes of Hunger

• Poverty
• 2.3 billion people earn less than 2/day

http//www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050513/d.jpg
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Causes of Hunger

• Extreme Poverty
• 1.3 Billion people earn less than 1.25/day
• 75 of these live in rural areas
• many unable to own land
• Worst in Sub-Saharan Africa

http//www.thp.org/africa/1bapr1-360.jpg
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Extreme PovertyPercentage who earn less than
1.25/day
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FilePercentage_popul
ation_living_on_less_than_1.25_per_day_2009.svg
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Causes of Hunger

• Harmful Economic Systems
• Control over incomes and resources by
• Military
• Wealthy
• Politically powerful
• Conflicts

http//us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/a
ttachments/31567_i1683e.pdf
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Where are the Undernourished?
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World Hunger Map
www.feedingminds.org/ img/map_world.jpg
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Sachs, J. 2005, The End of Poverty Economic
Possibilities for Our Time.
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Worldwide life expectancy
http//www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/ima
ges/final-images/life-expectancy-map.gif
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Side effects of Hunger and Poverty
ftp//ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
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Population Pressure

• World Population has doubled in 40 years
• Most of increase in developing countries
• 5 billion people
• Poverty and economic insecurity result in
  population growth
• Children are a source of wealth to the poor

http//www.sustainablescale.org/images/uploaded/Po
pulation/World20Population20Growth20to202050.J
PG
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Hope Demographic Transition

• Example U.S. History
• When U.S. became industrial, fewer kids/family
  needed
• Lowered infant mortality
• No need to rely on childrens labor
• More opportunities for women
• Happened without birth control

http//bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1920sphotos/for
dassemblylinehist102.jpg
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Agricultural Revolution
Hunters Gatherers
Agriculture
Food production
Expanding population environmental destruction
Conquest for land
Population Growth
Technology
Culture
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Effect of the Agricultural Revolution
Wealth
Elite
Own land, Well-fed Educated, Health care,
Opportunities
Poverty
Wealth, Tribute
Food, Resources
Landless, hungry, uneducated, unhealthy, no
opportunities
Conquered Exploited Peasants, Slaves,
Workers
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Effect of the Industrial Revolution
Sachs, J. 2005, The End of Poverty Economic
Possibilities for Our Time.
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Issues

• Nutrition
• Food Security
• Agriculture
• Environment
• Technology
• Education
• Culture
• Development
• Ethics

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Ethics

• Is hunger and poverty morally acceptable?
• Why or why not?
• What should we do?

http//www.whilechildrenstarve.org/images/starving
-child-4.jpg