Bildschirm/Projektion

1
The political aspects of monitoring radioactive
materials in the environment of our region E.
Wirth, M Zähringer Federal Office for Radiation
Protection, Freiburg, Germany Topical Day on
monitoring of radioactivity in the
environment 12-13 April 2011, Oslo, Norway
2

• The political aspects of monitoring radioactive
  materials in the environment and
• The special aspects of the Baltic Sea Region.
• (man made radioactivity only)

3
Site specific monitoring
Limitation of the dose to the public 1mSv per
year from nuclear installations
Derived maximum permissible releases per year fro
NPP Atmopsphere 3 x 1010 Bq/a arosolbound
radionuclides 10 x 1010 Bq/a iodine-131 10 x
1015 Bq/a noble gases ( C-14 H-3) Waste
water 5 x 1010 Bq/a fission and activation
products 5 x 1013 Bq/a H-3 Similar limits are
specified for enrichment plants, fuel fabrication
plants, research reactors or repositories
accordingly.
4
Monitoring of effluents (stack and waste water)
Environmental Monitoring
According to Richtline zur Emissions- und
Immissionsüberwachung kerntechnischer Anlagen
The regulator has to control the measurements.
Immission monitoring ensures that maximum
permissible releases are not exceeded. The
measurement program is not dense and frequent
enough for a proper dose estimation of man but
gives an independent additional check that doses
calculated from emissions are indeed below the
limit.
Licencee has to demonstratre that dose limits are
met. Emission monitoring ensures that maximum
permissible releases are not exceeded. Conservativ
e environmental dose model uses the measured
annual release rates as input to prove that dose
limits are met.
5
General environmental monitoring
According to Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz

• Decided in the aftermath of the Chernobyl
  accident
• Purpose
• assess contamination in the environment and
• dose
• From recognizing
• unknown sources
• from accidental releases with impact in longer
  range (gt25km)
• Goal Keep doses as low as reasonably achievable,
  i.e. be precautionary

6
IMIS Routine Monitoring Program
External radiation 1800 Dose rate monitoring probes
Inhalation 40 Air measurement stations (DWD)
Ingestion 10000 samples of food, animal feed, drinking water. Measurements carried out by Länder
Additional measurements Mobile in-situ systems, River water, North- and Baltic Sea, Trace analysis
Purpose also Excersise and Training
7
IMIS Accidential Monitoring Program
During plume passage 1800 GDR probes report every 10 minutes automatic nuclides specific measurements Sheltering, evacuation, thyroid blocking
After plume passage 1800 GDR probes 27 mobile in-situ systems 4 airborne systems, Food and feed sampling, particularly where contamination is of the order of EU limits Late evacuation, recovery, identification of critical areas, enforce food bans
Late phase Decrease of measurement frequency, Recovery, observe succss of countermeasures
8
German network of 1800 GDR probes
Great interest of the public after the Fukushima
accident, though no signal to be
expected. Timeliness important, not verified data
(!)
9
Trace analysis

• 1953 first detection of weapon test fallout at
  Schauinsland
• Kr-85 monitoring since 1973 -gt Global fissile
  material inventory (reprocessed Weapon-Pu)
• Participation in CTBT verification
• Strong CTBT support of EU (Joint action)
• Strong support for scientific and civil use of
  CTBT data

10
Aspects for the Baltic Sea Region
Densitiy of German GDR network comparable to NL,
A, CH, B but much more than F,E,GB and others.
This shows different aproaches, i.e equal
distribution vs. focus on populated areas
11
The EU monitoring program
Dense network Sparse network
IMIS Routine monitoring program in Germany Few samples /sampling sites with high sensitive measurements
Asses relevant contamination and representative levels in different media Observe low levels and trends, measure above MDC
12
How to overcome differences

• Agree on common objectives, not on unified
  programmes
• Clarify what can be achieved by environmental
  monitoring (and what cannot )