Types of Cloning

1
(No Transcript)
2
Types of Cloning

• There are two major types of cloning
• 1. Reproductive cloning
• 2. Therapeutic cloning
• Reproductive cloning creating a plant, animal,
  or person asexually. They are genetically
  identical with a donor plant, animal, or person.

3
Reproductive Cloning - Dolly

• Dolly was created in a process called
• Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
• Scientists transfer genetic material from a
  donor adult cell to an egg whose nucleus has been
  removed
• The reconstructed egg which contains the DNA
  must be treated with chemicals in order to
  stimulate cell division.

4
Reproductive Cloning - Dolly
Then it is transferred to the uterus of a female
host where it develops until birth Dolly is
not an identical clone, only the clones nuclear
DNA is the same as the donor Dollys success
is truly remarkable because it is proved that the
genetic material from the specialized adult cell
can be re-programmed to generate an entire new
organism.
5
Dolly
6
Risks of Cloning

• More than 90 of cloning attempts fail to produce
  viable offspring
• Cloned animals tend to have higher rates of
  infection tumor growth, and other disorders
• Clones have been known to die mysteriously.

7
Is Reproductive Cloning moral?

• Producing a person through cloning lacks the
  intimate connection to marriage
• Artificial Insemination separates the link
  between sexual intimacy and procreation
• Act of procreation becomes an act of production.

8

• RC creates mini mes not unique, irreplaceable
  people
• Selection of gender regarding gender as a
  disease
• Production of designer babies like race horses
• A person acts like a God having control over
  everything that happens to the child
• Turning a child into means of someone elses
  satisfaction.

9
Images of the Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Process
Enucleation
The recipient oocyte is held by a glass pipette
(left side of each frame), while a glass
needle is used to remove the genetic material in
the process of enucleation. Cell Transfer
A cell containing the genetic material from the
donor is placed inside the Zona Pellucida. An
electrical pulse is then applied across the two
cells, causing their membranes to fuse into one
complete cell.
10
Therapeutic Cloning

• Also known as embryo cloning, it is the
  production of a human embryo for the use in
  research.
• The goal of this is not to create cloned humans,
  but to harvest stem cells that can be used to
  study and treat disease.
• Embryo is grown for 14 days then stem cells are
  extracted to grow into a piece of human tissue or
  organ for transplant.

11
Therapeutic Cloning

• Stems cells are important because they can be
  used to generate any type of specialized cell in
  the body.
• Many researchers hope that one day stem cells
  can be used to serve as replacement cells to
  treat
• diabetes,
• heart disease,
• cancer,
• blindness,
• Parkinsons disease,
• Down syndrome,
• lymphoma,
• stroke.

12
Is Stem Cell research moral?

• Is an embryo a human person?
• Does human being come into existence during
  therapeutic cloning?
• The process of extracting stem cells from the
  embryo involves killing a person
• A human life is created but deliberately
  prevented from reaching its full potential.

13
John Paul II

• In his 1995 encyclical The Gospel of Life, Pope
  John Paul II wrote
• "Human embryos obtained in vitro are human beings
  and are subjects with rights their dignity and
  right to life must be respected from the first
  moment of their existence. It is immoral to
  produce human embryos destined to be exploited as
  disposable 'biological material'" (1,5).

14

• "While much good may come from the proposed
  research, we must not lose sight of the fact that
  the means used to reach that good end must also
  be moral.
• The end does not justify the means. In this
  case, curing even thousands of persons does not
  justify the destruction of others, even though
  they are still in the embryonic state of
  development."

15
Work Sited Page
Time magazine Feb 2004 Time magazine Feb
2001 www.humancloning.org/ www.howstuffworks.com/
cloning.htm http//www.americancatholic.org/News/S
temCell/ask_stemcell.asp