CATEGORIES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES

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CATEGORIES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES

• Reinforcement Theory
• Content (Need) Theories
• Maslow Need Hierarchy
• Alderfer ERG
• Herzberg Two-Factor Theory
• McClelland Achievement, Affiliation, Power
• Four-Drive Acquire, Bond, Learn (Challenge),
  Defend
• Process Theories
• Expectancy, Goal Setting, Equity

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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards

• Extrinsic Rewards
• Tangible and visible to others
• Intrinsic Rewards
• Natural rewards from performing a task

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Content Theories of Motivation
AlderfersERG Theory
MaslowsNeed Hierarchy
Herzbergs Theory
McClellands Learned Needs
Self- Actualization
Growth (Higher-Level)
Motivators
Need for Achievement
Esteem
Need for Power
Belongingness
Relatedness (Social)
Hygiene Factors
Need for Affiliation
Safety
Existence (Survival)
Physiological
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HERZBERGS TWO FACTOR THEORY
Motivators
Hygiene Factors
Pay Working Conditions Supervisors Company
Policies Benefits
Achievement Responsibility Work
itself Recognition Growth Achievement
Resolve Dissatisfaction
Promote Satisfaction
Neutral (neither dissatisfied nor satisfied)
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Herzbergs Findings
Motivators
0
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
50
40
50
Achievement
Recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
Company Policy Administration
Supervision
Relationship with supervisor
Work conditions
Salary
Hygiene Factors
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Motivation and Money

• Taylors Scientific Management (1911)
• Workers are motivated mainly by money
• Suggested piece-rate system
• Maslow (1943)
• People are motivated by hierarchy of needs, which
  includes money
• Herzberg (1959)
• Money usually either dissatisfies or is neutral
  in its effect

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McCLELLANDS ACQUIRED NEEDS - Successful Top
Executives

• NEED LEVEL
• Achievement Moderate
• Affiliation Low
• Power High

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McCLELLANDS ACQUIRED NEEDS

• High Achievers Prefer
• Personal Responsibility
• Immediate Feedback
• Moderate Risks
• Those High in Power Motive
• Take High Risks