Samuel de Champlain and Quebec

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Samuel de Champlain and Quebec

• The Rise of New France
• Textbook Notes

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If New France rose it must have fallen!

• As we know from living in Canada today, New
  France did not last it rose to be important and
  then fell
• Most of Canada was settled and its culture formed
  by English influences, except in Quebec and parts
  of the Maritimes.

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In the year 1600

• Fishing off the Grand Banks is drawing 500 ships
  per year
• Few sailors come ashore for longer than to
  resupply themselves for the return trip to
  Europe.
• No one wants to stay and create a settlement
  usually because of the winter weather.

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And then came Pierre du Gua de Mont

• King Henry IV did not want to spend on
  settlements, so he gave a monopoly to de Monts in
  fur trading if he would bring settlers over to
  begin establishing a permanent settlement in New
  France
• This would make de Monts very wealthy!!

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De Mont travels to New France

• In 1604 de Monts came to New France and brought a
  mapmaker named Samuel de Champlain who had been
  here the year before.
• http//www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/champ_e2.ht
  ml

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• They chose to settle at Ile Ste-Criox in what is
  now New Brunswick in the Bay of Fundy.

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• It is impossible to know this country without
  having wintered here for having arrived in autumn
  everything is very pleasant owing to the woods,
  the fine landscape, and the good fishing for cod
  and other species which are found. But winter in
  this country lasts for six months.
  Samuel de Champlain

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• De Mont would not give up so he moved the
  settlement across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal
  ( Nova Scotia today)

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Port Royal

• Du Gua de Monts' settlement at Port Royal,
  Acadia, 1607
• Illustration by Francis Back Collection of the
  Canadian Museum of Civilization

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• This time they built close to the forest and
  winterized the fort.
• They planted vegetables for food in the winter.
• Started the Order of Good Cheer to keep spirits
  up.

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The Order of Good Cheer

• We spent this winter very pleasantly, and had
  good fare by means of the Order of Good Cheer
  which I established, and which everybody found
  beneficial to his health, and more profitable
  than all sorts of medicine we might have used.
• 
  
  
  Champlain,
  The Voyages, 1613

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Now Champlain became restless

• Champlain was a self educated, rough and ready
  man of action
• A tireless promoter and gifted map maker
  (cartographer)

• He bugged de Mont to let him explore down the St.
  Lawrence river and North Eastern US
• Because he was so good, de Mont let him go.

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• In 1603, Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence
  River and the Saguenay River they also explored
  the Gaspe Peninsula. He returned to France in
  1603, and decided to search for a Northwest
  Passage and to settle the Gaspe Peninsula

• Samuel de Champlain mapped much of northeastern
  North America and started a settlement in Quebec.
  Champlain also discovered the lake named for him
  (Lake Champlain, on the border of northern New
  York state and Vermont, named in 1609)

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• In 1608, Champlain led 32 colonists to settle
  Quebec in order to establish it as a fur-trading
  center. Only nine colonists survived the first
  bitter winter in Quebec, but more settlers
  arrived the following summer. The first
  habitants.
• See Quebec today

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The Fur Trade Post of Quebec is established

• The word Quebec came from the Algonquin word
  Kebec which means where the river narrows.
• It was at the site where Hocheloga had once stood
  in the time of Cartier.
• For reasons not fully understood the area had
  been abandoned by the Iroquois for 50 years.
• Also far down river from Basque whalers who were
  causing trouble at Tadoussac upriver.

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Coureurs de Bois

• The runners of the woods or Coureurs de Bois
  were sent out by Champlain to live among the
  native people to explore and learn the language,
  customs, and way of life.
• Later these men became the Voyageurs.
• This was done to help with their fur trading
  business

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• In 1609, Champlain befriended the Huron Indians
  and helped them fight the Iroquois (this battle
  led to 150 years of bitterness and hostility
  between the Iroquois and the French). It was
  during this venture that he discovered Lake
  Champlain

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• In support of his Huron and Algonkian trading
  partners, Samuel de Champlain shot and killed two
  Iroquois chiefs in 1609 at Ticonderoga, near the
  lake that now bears his name.
• This incident helped touch off a long, bitter war
  between the French and the Iroquois Confederacy.
• The Iroquois, like many of North Americas First
  Peoples, possessed a strong military organization
  and, through skilful use of ambush and knowledge
  of the terrain, nearly destroyed New France in
  the first half of the 1600s.

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• In 1613, he again sailed up the St. Lawrence, and
  explored the Ottawa River.
• Two years later, after returning from France, he
  retraced this route and ventured into what is now
  northern New York state and the eastern Great
  Lakes (Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and Lake
  Ontario).

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Then came the Kirke Brothers

• Champlain headed the Quebec settlement for years,
  until the English attacked and took the Fort at
  Quebec in July, 1629. Champlain once again
  returned to France. After a French-British peace
  treaty in 1632, Quebec was once again French, and
  Champlain returned as its governor (1633). He
  died from a stroke on Dec. 25, 1635.
• http//www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/c/
  champlain.shtml

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• Privateers sacked Tadoussac and demanded the
  surrender of Quebec intercepted a supply convoy
  headed for Quebec and attempted to starve them
  out over the winter.
• They surrendered in the Spring and Champlain was
  taken prisoner to England.
• England so controlled Quebec for the next 4 yeas
  until the English King sold it back to the French
  in 1632.