Cognitive processes

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Cognitive processes
Engineering Psychology

• attention thinking imagination memory
  creativity problem solving

Jakub Jura Jakub.jura_at_fs.cvut.cz http//users.fs.c
vut.cz/jura/ing-psych/
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What is Cognitive?

• From latin cognoscere getting to know
• Distinguish emotional and rational
• Descartes Cogito ergo sum.

Mental processes mediate between stimulus and
response.
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Cognitive processes

• Base Cognitive processes
• Perception
• Sensation
• Attention
• Thinking
• Imagination
• Memory
• Learning
• Advanced Cognitive processes
• Creativity
• Problem solving

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Neisser's cycle of perceptionCognitive Ecology
Actual world
Object available information
Samples
Modify
Schema of environment
Exploration
Locomotion and action
Cognitive map
Directs
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Memory

• Sensory memory
• George Sperling
• (200 500 ms)
• Short-term memory
• George Miller
• 72 chunks
• Chunking process (recoding)
• Long-term memory
• Hippocampus

• Memory processes
• Imprint
• Retent
• Remember
• Recognise

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Ebbinghaus experiments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

• R e-t/s
• R memory retention
• s relative strenght of memory
• t time

45
35
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Serial-positioning effect

• Which of the syllable you remember easily?
• Initialy
• Final
• Out of serial-positioning effect
• Meaningfull
• Related to myself
• Connected to my activity

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Memory test

• How big is capacity of you visual memory?

Redraw this figure maximaly precisely
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Imaging

• Constructive and Reconstructive processes and
  eyes movement.

• Imagine yellow elephant with red dots.
• Imagine what did you eat last evening.

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Experiment 3 - Mental rotation
F

• How many times you need to read rotated sign.

Angle
Time 1 s
Time 2
R
B
A
M
L
Q
T
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Completing square test
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Attention

• Orientation reflex
• Orientation activities
• Bourdon test
• d2 test

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Thinking

• J. P. Guilford
• Convergent production - generation of logical
  conclusions from given information, where
  emphasis is upon achieving unique or
  conventionally best outcomes. It is likely that
  given (cue) information fully determines the
  outcome as in mathematics and logic.
• Divergent production - generation of logical
  alternatives from given information, where
  emphasis is upon variety, quantity, and relevance
  of output from the same source.

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Intelligence scale
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Problem solving

• Interconect all of this 9 point by the 4 segments
  of a line non-stop.

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Creativity

• Preparation
• Incubation
• Insight
• Evaluation
• Elaboration

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E. Rossi creative phase
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Metacognition

• Thinking about thinking (exactly cognition about
  cognition)
• First-level metacognition
• Second-level metacognition