International Migration Turks migrating to Germany

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International MigrationTurks migrating to Germany

• Standard Grade Geography International Issues

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Introduction

• Turkey is a developing country on the
  Mediterranean Sea and the people there have, for
  many years, migrated to other countries to try
  and improve their standard of living.

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Turkey Location Map
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Migration

• Since 1945, most have migrated to the richer
  countries of Europe and especially to Germany.
• This migration movement continued until 1973 when
  foreign workers were banned from entering Germany.

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Problems in Turkey
Earthquakes common in this area
Mechanization causing unemployment in farming
areas
Very difficult climate hot dusty summers
bitterly cold winters.
Steep slopes and soil erosion makes farming
difficult
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The attraction of Germany (1)

• World War Two left Germany with few people of
  working age.
• Many parts of the country were also in ruins and
  much re-building work had to be done.

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The attraction of Germany (2)

• Because Germany was short of workers it tried to
  attract people from Turkey by setting up
  recruitment offices there.
• Turkish people were attracted by the opportunity
  of jobs which by, Turkish standards, were well
  paid.

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Standards of living in Turkey and Germany in 1960
Turkey (1960) 134 per year 5 2 230 27
Germany (1960) 891 per year 35 69 50 6
Income per person working in
manufacturing Cars per 1000 people Infant
mortality Natural increase
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Effects on Turkey
Unemployment was reduced in cities as people
emigrated.
When they returned they brought new ideas and
skills with them.
People left the countryside, there was less
pressure on the land and farms became bigger and
more profitable.
Positive
Because it was mostly young people who left,
fewer children were born so the pressure on the
land was reduced even more.
Migrants sent money back to their families (as
much as 1 million pounds a year).
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Effects on Turkey
Lost its most able educated young adults
Many Turks were also worried that they would not
be able to defend the eastern border.
Negative
There were mostly old people left who were unable
to improve the living conditions especially in
the countryside
Many families were broken up, as it was the male
who left to work.
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The effects of Germany (1)

• Germany welcomed Turks in the 1950s and 1960s
  because they were willing to do low paid, dirty,
  unskilled jobs.
• Some immigrants also brought valuable new skills
  and they worked long hours in poor conditions.

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The effects of Germany (2)

• During the 1970s and 1980s, there were fewer
  jobs available as companies were hit by the
  recession and 20 of Turks became unemployed.
• Some Germans resented those Turks who still had
  jobs and racial tension and conflict increased.

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Reasons for returning to Turkey

• Some Turks returned home as soon as they had made
  some money.
• Many, however, found the cost of living so high
  in Germany that did not make as much money as
  they had hoped and so stayed in Germany
• In 1980 Germany offered Turks grants to return
  home (up to 2500), but very few have taken up
  the offer.

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Your Turn

• Read page 61 63 in text book.
• Answer questions either F, G or C questions on
  page 59, 60 or 64.
• Read the extension text on page 64 and answer the
  questions that follow.