Monroe Doctrine

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Monroe Doctrine

• Presentation created by Robert Martinez
• Primary Content Source The American Promise
• Images as cited.

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In 1816, U.S. troops led by General Andrew
Jackson invaded Spanish Florida in search of
Seminole Indians, harboring escaped slaves.
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Once there Jackson declared himself the commander
of northern Florida, demonstrating his power in
1818 by executing two British men who he claimed
were dangerous enemies.
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In asserting rule over the territory, and surely
in executing the two British subjects on Spanish
land, Jackson had gone too far. Privately,
President Monroe was distressed and pondered
court-martialing Jackson, prevented only by
Jacksons immense popularity as the hero of the
battle of New Orleans.
Battle of New Orleans
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Instead, John Quincy Adams, the secretary of
state, negotiated with Spain the Adams-Onis
Treaty, which delivered Florida to the United
States in 1819. In exchange, the Americans agreed
to abandon any claim in Texas or Cuba.
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Southerners viewed this as a large concession,
having eyed both places as potential acquisitions
for future slave states.
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Spain at the moment was preoccupied with the
colonies in South America. One after another,
Chile, Columbia, Peru, and finally Mexico
declared themselves independent in the early
1820s.
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To discourage Spain or France from re-conquering
these colonies, Monroe formulated a declaration
of principles on South America. Incorporated into
his annual message to Congress in December 1823,
the declaration became known as the Monroe
Doctrine.
en.wikipedia.org
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The president warned that the American
Continents, by the free and independent condition
which they have assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European power.
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Any attempt to interfere in the Western
Hemisphere would be regarded as the
manifestation of an unfriendly disposition
towards the United States. In exchange for
noninterference by Europeans, Monroe pledged that
the United States would stay out of European
struggles.
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At that time, Monroe did not intend his statement
to lay a foundation for U.S. intervention in
South America. Indeed, the small American navy
could not realistically defend Chile or Peru
against Spain or France.
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The doctrine was Monroes idea of sound foreign
policy, but it did not have the force of law.
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