Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry
CHEMISTRY 1 Honors
Jeff VenablesNorthwestern High School
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Carbon

• C atoms form covalent bonds with one another, and
  with H,O,N,Cl, and other nonmetals.
• There are MANY organic compounds
• C atoms each form 4 bonds
• C atoms can make chains
• Allotropes of carbon
• Diamond covalent network solid
• All C atoms are bonded to 4 other C atoms, making
  one big molecule of carbon.
• All C atoms have a tetrahedral shape with 109
  angles.
• Hardest substance known

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• Graphite Layers of hexagonal patterns.
• Within each layer, every C atom is bonded to
  three other C atoms (trigonal planar, 120).
• Layers slide past one another held together
  by London Dispersion Forces.
• Used in pencil lead and in lubricants.

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Organic Compounds

• Hydrocarbons composed only of hydrogen and
  carbon.
• All Carbon atoms have 4 bonds, hydrogen atoms
  have 1 bond.
• Alkanes also called saturated hydrocarbons
• All single bonds
• Formula is CnH2n2
• Named based on number of carbon atoms
• 1 methane 6 hexane
• 2 ethane 7 heptane
• 3 propane 8 octane
• 4 butane 9 nonane
• 5 pentane 10 decane

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• Types of Formulas
• Empirical shows the lowest whole-number ratio
  of atoms in a molecule (C2H5)
• Molecular shows the actual number of atoms of
  each element in a molecule (C4H10)
• Structural shows how atoms are connected in a
  molecule.
• 4. Condensed structural formula with bonds
  omitted
• CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3
• 5. Skeletal all letters are removed

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Hexane
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• Examples Name the following compounds
• C5H12
• pentane
• C7H16
• heptane