Microprocessor system structure

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Microprocessor system structure
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Microprocessor system structure

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Basic componentsSingle-board systemsModular
systems
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System components

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1. Processor surrounding of processor depends on
its type
CPU based on Z80 needs single supply and clock
signal
ready data, address and control signals
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System components

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CPU based on 8080
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System components

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CPU based on 8085
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System components

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CPU based on 8086 (minimal mode)
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System components

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CPU based on 8086 (maximal mode)
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System components

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CPU based on 80C51
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System components

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• 2. Programme memory
• semiconductor, VLSI, non-volatile
• contains at least start-up software
• in small system contains all used software.

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System components

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• 3. Data memory
• semiconductor, VLSI, volatile
• stores data and result of executing programmes
• in big systems stores software loaded before
  execution.

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System components

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• 4. Peripherals
• I/O ports to data exchange
• without them we will not have any advantages of
  working computer.

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System components

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• 4.1 Operator devices
• make possible communication between computer and
  man
• I/O ports for keyboard, monitor, display,
  pointing devices, etc.

• Basic operator devices
• keyboards alphanumeric or function-numeric
• displays LED or LCD, segmented, mosaic or
  graphic
• printers by principle of work needle, laser,
  ink, thermal by
  construction/destination office, industrial,
  cash-boxes
• monitors monochromatic i colour, alphanumeric i
  graphic, CRT i LCD
• pointing devices mouses, touch-pads,
  scroll-balls, joysticks, touch screens

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System components

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• 4.2 Communication devices
• to data exchange between different systems
  (superior, secondary or equivalent)
• serial (RS family, CAN, USB, FireWire,
  InfiniBand, etc.)
• parallel (Centronics)
• LAN
• modems (radio, optic, cable).

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System components

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• 4.3 Object devices/process devices
• I/O ports dedicated to data acquisition and
  acting on process
• analogue I/O
• binary I/O
• special interfaces (exmp. IEC625).

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System components

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• 5. Secondary memories
• to store not currently used information
• FDD, HDD, CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW, etc.

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System components

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• 6. Main memory serving devices
• DMA controllers
• DRAM controllers.

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System components

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• 7. Address decoders
• using address word and control signals activate
  right memory chip or I/O port

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System components

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• 8. Interrupt controllers
• different level of complication, programmable or
  not
• collect individual interrupt signals, queuing
  them according to priorities, send single
  interrupt signal to CPU

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System components

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• 9. Timers, Real Time Clocks
• time delay with chosen precision
• clock RTC with calendar.

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System components

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• 10. System bus
• set of signals needed to information exchange
  between system components

timersRTC
address decoders
MM serv. devices
interrupt controllers
secondary memories
programme memory (ROM)
data memory (RAM)
operator devices
commu-nication devices
process devices
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System structure

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MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMSTRUCTURE
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Single-board microcomputer

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Single-board microcomputer

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• Features
• all necessary system components (CPU, MM, I/O
  ports, interrupt circuits, timers, etc.) placed
  on the same printed board
• system dedicated to specified tasks (local
  controllers, etc.)
• to embed in other devices
• difficult service - replacing whole
  system-board
• Designed as
• just for needs, minimal cost - so called
  closed system
• universal (allowing extension, modification)
  - so called open system

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Modular system

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Construction
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Modular system

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• Features
• few modules with defined functions, which
  allow to construct different hardware according
  to needs
• defined parallel system bus, connecting all
  modules
• specific mechanical construction
• easy extended and modified
• easy designing new applications using the set
  (library) of standard modules

Modular systems dominate in field of industrial
applications
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Modular system

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