Parts of Speech

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Parts of Speech
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Noun

• Names a person, place, thing, or idea
• Common Noun girl, shoe, dog
• Proper Noun Julie, Nike, Labrador Retreiver
• If you an put a, an, or the before a word
  it is most likely a noun.

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Nouns

• Concrete Nouns - Concrete nouns are things that
  you can experience through your five senses
  sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch.
• For example, desk, New York City, Mrs. Rodabaugh
  
• Abstract Nouns - Abstract nouns refer to ideas
  and concepts.
• For example, freedom, love, joy.

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Verb

• Expresses action or state of being. There are
  two kinds of verbs action and linking.
• Action Verbs Express actions or thoughts

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Linking Verbs

• Linking Verbs Connect the subject with a word
  that links or connects it. Linking verbs help
  describe the condition or state-of-being or a
  noun.
• Common linking verbs
• Any form of the verb is or be
• Appear, seem, become, etc.
• Action verbs imply either physical or mental
  activity
• Some verbs can be both action and linking verbs!

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Verb Phrases

• Consists of a helping verb and at least one main
  verb.
• Common Used Helping Verbs

Forms of Be am were is be are being was been
Forms of Have has have having had
Forms of Do do does doing did
Others may might must can shall will could should would
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Pronoun

• A word used in place of a noun or more than one
  nouns.
• The word a pronoun stands for is called the
  antecedent of the pronoun.
• Personal Pronoun Refers to the one speaking
  (1st person), the one spoken to (2nd person), or
  the one spoken about (3rd person)
• 1st Person I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours
• 2nd Person you, your, yours
• 3rd Person he, him, his, she, her, hers, it,
  its, they, them, their, theirs

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• Pronouns can be
• Personal (e.g. them)
• Relative (e.g. which)
• Interrogative (e.g. whom)
• Reflexive (e.g. itself)
• Indefinite (e.g. everybody)

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Indefinite Pronouns

• Indefinite Pronoun Refers to a person, place,
  thing, or idea that may not be specifically
  named.

all either much other
another everybody neither several
any everyone nobody some
anybody everything none somebody
anyone few no one someone
anything many nothing something
both more one such
each most    
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Other Pronouns

• Demonstrative this, that, these, those
• Interrogative who, whom, which, what
• Relative that, which, who, whom, whose
• Reflexive/Intensive
• First Person myself, ourselves
• Second Person yourself, yourselves
• Third Person himself, herself, itself,
  themselves

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Adjective

• A word used to modify (describe or make more
  definite) a noun or pronoun
• Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling
• Which kind?
• Which one?
• How many?
• How much?

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Adjectives

• Adjectives usually precede the words they modify,
  but sometimes are placed after the words they
  modify for emphasis.
• Adjectives may be separate from the words they
  modify.

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Adjectives

• Articles are the most frequently used adjectives.
  
• Indefinite Articles (A,An) refer to one of a
  non-specific group.
• Definite Article (The) refers to someone or
  something in particular and can precede any
  word.

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Adjectives

• Some words can be used as both pronouns and
  adjectives.
• Sometimes nouns are used as adjectives.

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Coordinating Adjectives

• Coordinating adjectives are two or more
  adjectives that describe the same noun and are
  equal in describing the noun. Their order can be
  reversed and the word and can be inserted between
  them.
• Example While strolling through the woods, they
  found a strange, mysterious and frightened child.

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Cumulative Adjectives

• Cumulative adjectives are two or more adjectives
  that describe the same noun, but they need to be
  put in a specific order for them to make sense.
  Their order cannot be reversed.
• Example He bought a wonderful old French car.

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Adverb

• Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
• Adverbs answer
• How?
• Where?
• When?
• To what extent?
• Most adverbs end in ly

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Adverbs Modify Verbs

• The adverb can be positioned after the verb.
• Example Andre sang How Andre sang
  magnificently.
• When Andre sang earlier.
• Where Andre sang there.
• To What extent Andre sang
  frequently.

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Adverbs Modify Adjectives

• When an adverb modifies an adjective, its
  position usually comes before the word it
  modifies.
• Example It was a clear day.
• How clear? It was a very clear day.

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Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs

• When an adverb modifies another adverb its
  position usually comes before the word it
  modifies.
• Example Joe spoke fast.
• How fast Joe spoke extremely fast.

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Preposition

• Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun
  to some other word in the sentence.
• Examples
• The airplane flew above us.
• She walked to the store.
• Commonly used prepositions include about,
  before, for, from, in, on, over, to, up, until,
  with, without.

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Prepositional Phrase

• A preposition always introduce a prepositional
  phrase. The noun or pronoun that ends the
  prepositional phrase is called the object of the
  preposition.
• Prepositional Phrase Includes a preposition, a
  noun or pronoun called the object of the
  preposition, and any modifiers of that object.

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Conjunction

• Connects words or groups of words. Types
  coordinating, correlative, and subordinating.
• Coordinating Conjunctions for, but, yet, so, or,
  yet.
• Correlative Conjunctions Both and, either or,
  neither nor.
• Subordinating Conjunctions join dependent clauses
  to main clauses.
• Examples
• Coordinating My professor is strict, yet fair.
• Correlative Both swimming and dancing are fun
  ways to work out.
• Subordinate I am happy because of you.

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Interjection

• Express surprise or strong feeling.
• Examples
• Wow! This place is great!
• Yes! My team just scored a goal!
• They are commonly used before a sentence or at
  the beginning of a sentence.