Taxonomy is the science of grouping

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• Taxonomy is the science of grouping
• and naming organisms.
• Classification the grouping of
• information or objects based on
• similarities.

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History of Taxonomy
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Early classification systems

• Aristotle grouped animals according to the way
  they moved

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The modern classification system
Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Consists of 7 levels

• Family
• Genus
• Species

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order

Carl Linnaeus 1708-1778 Father of
Taxonomy Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician
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• Phenetics
• -Similar properties
• -form or structure
• (morphology)

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Helpful way to remember the 7 levels

• King Philip Came Over For Grape Soda.
• King Philip Came Over For Green Skittles.

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New - Phylogenetics

• cladistics
• DNA sequencing

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• We only know about a fraction of the
• organisms that exist or have existed on Earth.
• Taxonomists give a unique scientific name to
• each species they know about whether its
  alive
• today or extinct.
• The scientific name comes from one of two
• dead languages Latin or ancient Greek.

Why use a dead language?
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Devil Cat
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Ghost Cat
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Mountain Lion
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Screaming Cat
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Puma
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Florida Panther
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Cougar
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• There are at least 50 common names for
• the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
• Common names vary according to region.
• Soooowhy use a scientific name?

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Binomial Nomenclature
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"Formal" scientific names should have a third
part, the authority.     The authority is not
italicized or underlined. The authority is
written as an abbreviation of the last name of
the person responsible for naming the organism.
Since Carolus Linnaeus was the first person to
name many plants, the L. for Linnaeus is very
common in plant scientific names. An example is
Quercus alba L.
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