Classical Conditioning II

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3. What are the CS and US?
Blue Gouramis
Highly Territorial But Needs to Mate
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Conclusions

• 4. Pavlovian CRs are usually highly adaptive

Darwins Finches
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4. What are the CS and US?
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Taste Aversion
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Conclusions

• 1 (again). Conditioned behaviour is evoked by
  the CS, it is not chosen at the time by the
  organism
• 5. What constitutes a pairing depends on the
  response system (no optimal ISI)

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5. What are the CS and US?
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Paired versus Unpaired
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Diagnostic tool
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Conclusions

• 6. Effects of CS-US pairings must be compared to
  a proper control group
• 7. Slow development of the CR may predict disease

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6. What are the CS and US?
sniff, social contact, approach
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Recall The US also affects the Form of the CR

• Unconditioned Stimulus
• food vs. water outcome
• Conditioned Stimulus
• social vs. nonsocial signal

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Stimulus Substitution Examples (the CS takes the
place of the US)

• Pavlov UR Salivation, CR Salivation
• Cocaine UR Activity, CR Activity
• Cyclophosamide UR CR immune suppression.
• Autoshaping CR for water Closed beak, CR for
  grain Open beak

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Critical Point

• US difference is readily explained by stimulus
  substitution
• CS difference is not!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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7. What are the CS and US?
(tone)
(shock)
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After one or two pairings
(CS)
(CRs)
Blood pressure Heart Rate Stress
Hormones Hypoalgesia
Freezing
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Conditioned Suppression
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Suppression Ratio
a responses during the CS
b responses prior to the CS
a (a b)
On first Tone-Shock trial a 30 b 30.
30/(3030) 0.50
After 10 Tone-Shock trials a 3 b 20.
3/(320) 0.13
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Rayner with Little Albert
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Timberlake Behavior Systems Theory

• The CS and US engage the same behavior system
  e.g., defensive, sexual
• The form of the CR depends on the length of the
  delay between CS and US.
• Overt CR is flexible depends on the interval

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Flight/ Flinch
Escape
Freeze
US
CS
Activity/ Arousal
Approach
Sexual Encounter
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Conclusions

• 8. Effects of CS-US pairings can be measured
  directly or indirectly by their effects on
  another behavior
• 9. Form of CR changes with ISI
• 2. (Again) Although the CR is evoked, there are
  many situational factors that determine its form