A. Reticulum

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A. Reticulum

• Tough, honeycomb like structure, puncture
  resistant, lower portion of the
• Catches foreign objects and prevents them from
  causing further harm downstream of the rumen.
• Once items sink and are caught they stay
  there forever unless removed

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Reticulum full left
Reticulum enlarged bottom left
Reticulum cleaned - lower
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Telephone Cord
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Wire
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Sponge taken from digestive system of an animal
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T. Left Cow magnet used verses after harvest.
B. Left New magnet B. Right
Insertion Using balling gun
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A. Omasum

• Section that is round and muscular
• Resembles pages of an open book
• Grinds the food material and prepares the food
  material for chemical breakdown. Absorbs water,
  volatile fatty acids and nutrients
• Folds trap digested particles to maximize
  absorption
• Injects a soupy mixture of partially digested
  forage and microbes into this structure

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A. Abomasum

• It operates much like our own stomachs (but
  handles more bacteria than ours)
• It secretes acid and digestive enzymes
• Where the majority of chemical breakdown of food
  material occurs.
• Mixes in digestive enzymes (pepsin, rennin, bile,
  etc.).

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Lets Review With a partner, digest the snack
in front of you and describe what is happening
to the food as it moves through your GI.
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• 9. Small Intestine - where most of the food
  material is absorbed into the bloodstream
• Contains three sections
• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

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A. Duodenum first section (active digestion)
-Receives secretions from Pancreas acts on
proteins, carbohydrates and lipids Liver
bile (stored in the gallbladder) breaks down
fat. Horses do not have gallbladders B.
Jejunum middle section active in nutrient
absorption C. Ileum last section active in
nutrient absorption
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Small Intestines

• Walls of the S.I. are lined with a series of
  fingerlike projections called villi, which in
  turn have minute projections called microvilli
  that increase the nutrient absorption area.

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• 10. Large Intestines
• Site of water restoration
• Secretion of some mineral elements
• Storage reservoir calcium
• of undigested GIT contents.
• Bacterial fermentation
• Synthesis of some water-soluble vitamins and
  vitamin K.
• Some bacterial breakdown of fibrous ingredients.
• Synthesis of some protein,

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• A. Cecum
• first section
• size varies considerably in different species
• No significance in the pig or human (dead end)
• IMPORTANT in horse and rabbit
• Bacterial breakdown of cellulose and other
  carbohydrate material to produce VFAs thus, the
  horse can utilize fibrous feeds.
• Site of bacterial synthesis of water-soluble
  vitamins and protein.

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• B. Colon
• middle section
• largest part of the L.I.
• Primary area of water restoration from intestinal
  contents.
• C. Rectum last section of the L.I. and the end
  of the digestive tract before the unabsorbed
  material (feces) is excreted out the anus
  (preparation for excretion) (poop chute)

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11. Anus - opening through which the waste is
removed. Controlled by sphincter muscles, that
also help protect the opening.
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Lets Review Go to a review station and
put terms of the digestive tract in order using
only each other as resources (no notes TALK it
through!)