Physics 106P: Lecture 1 Notes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Physics 106P: Lecture 1 Notes

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Title: Physics 106P: Lecture 1 Notes


1
????? ????
2
?????
  • ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (Phases)
    ?????, ????? ?????? ?????????????.
  • ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ???.
  • ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
    ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ???????? ???????,
    ??????? ???????? ????.
  • ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????
    ????????? (superfluid).

3
??????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????
    ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? (phase diagram).
  • ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????
    ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
  • ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? P-T (????? ???? ??
    ????? ???? ????!). ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????

4
???? ?? ???????? ?? ????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????
    ?????? ????? (????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????
    ????? ??? ???? ???? ????)
  • ???? ?"???????" ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????
    ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????.

???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??-???? ???
?????? ?? ???? (?? ?? ????, ???? ??????)
5
?????? ??????? (triple point)
  • ???????? ????? ?????? (????-????-??) ?? ?? ?????
    ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
    ??????? ??? ?????? ???? (???? PT0.006atm,
    TT0.01?C).
  • ???? ?????? ???????
  • ?????????? ?????? ?TT- ?? ???? ???? ????? ???
    (????? sublimation) ?? ????.

6
?????? ??????? (critial point)
  • ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???
    ????? ?? ???????.
  • ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????
    ???? ??? ???????/????????, ?? ????? ?? ???????
    ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????????.
  • ?????? ?????? (???????? ??????) ?????? ??? ????
    ??? "???????" ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (PC,TC)
    ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ????
    ?????? ????? (???? PT221atm, TT374?C).
  • ???? ?????? ???????

7
????? ????? ????-????
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????
    ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????
    ????? ?????.
  • (???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????)
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? (???? ???? ??
    ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????).

8
??????? ????? ????????
  • ???? ???? ????? ????? "???????" ??-??? ????? ??
    ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????.
  • ????? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? (alloyed) ??
    ????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????.

9
????? ????? P-V-T
  • ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???
    ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????????
    ???? ?????? ????.
  • mG/N P ?T- ?? ??????? ??????? ?? G, ???? ?? ??
    ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  • ?? ?????? P-V/N ?? T-V/N ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??
    ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? P ?T- ??? ??????
    ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????
    ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????
    ??????? ?? ??? ??????)

10
?? ???? ????? ???? (???? ?????)?
???? ???? ????? 1 ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? (?T,P-)
?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ?????
????? ???? ??? ???? ????? 2 ????. ?????? ???????
?????? ?????? ??? ??
11
??? ????????? ????? ???? (???? ?????)
???? ????? ????? ?(P,T)- ??????. ????? ???, ????
????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??
??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ???
??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????.
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? 1 ?a-, ???
???? ?? ???? ?? a ???? ?? ?Gtot- ???? ????????
???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??
????? ???)
????? ???? ?T- ?P- ??????, S ?V- ?? ?????
??????.
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