Habitats

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Habitats
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What signs tell you if something is living?
MR FREGS Move Reproduce Feed Respiration (take in
and give out gases) Excretion (get rid of
waste) Grow Sensitivity (reacts to things round
about it)
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How can you find out what type of plants and
animals live in a particular habitat?
Take a sample
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What is a quadrat used to sample
Plants and slow moving animals
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How would you measure the ABUNDANCE of an
organism in a quadrat?
Count the number of squares which contain the
organism
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How would you measure the ABUNDANCE of daisies
and dandelions in this quadrat?
Daisies 4 Dandelions 5 (only count the squares
with the organism in it)
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List 2 things you should do to improve
reliability when using a quadrat.
1.Take many samples 2. Make sure the quadrat is
thrown randomly
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What is an abiotic factor. Name 4 abiotic
factors which could affect an organism in its
environment
A non living factor eg. temperature, rainfall,
light, light, pH
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What would you use to sample insects?
A pitfall trap
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How should you use a pitfall trap?

• Set it level with the ground
• Place leaf litter in bottom
• Cover with stone or leaves
• Make drainage holes in bottom

Image BBC website
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Why should you cover a pitfall trap?

• To stop predators seeing in

Image BBC website
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Why should a pitfall trap have drainage holes?

• To stop it filling with rainwater and drowning
  the insects

Image BBC website
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Why should a pitfall trap be level with the
ground?

• To allow insects to fall into it

Image BBC website
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How can you improve the reliability of a pitfall
trap?

• Take many samples

Image BBC website
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What could you use to help you identify unkown
organisms?
A KEY (branched key or paired statement key)
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What type of key is this?
Pupils in front row
Female
Male
BRANCHED KEY
Brown hair
Other hair colour
John
Lisa
Brown eyes
Blue eyes
Jemma
Claire
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Which girl does not have brown hair, but does
have brown eyes ?
Pupils in front row
Female
Male
Jemma
Brown hair
Other hair colour
John
Lisa
Brown eyes
Blue eyes
Jemma
Claire
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What type of key is this?
PAIRED STATEMENT KEY
1. The main body of the chicken is white. go
to 2 The main body of the chicken is brown
or black. go to 4   2. The feet have feathers
on them. Brahma The feet dont have
feathers on. go to 3   3. The hackle
feathers (on the neck) are black. Light Sussex
The hackle feathers are white. White
Leghorn  
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Give three features of a white leghorn chicken?
1. The main body of the chicken is white. go
to 2 The main body of the chicken is brown
or black. go to 4   2. The feet have feathers
on them. Brahma The feet dont have
feathers on. go to 3   3. The hackle
feathers (on the neck) are black. Light Sussex
The hackle feathers are white. White
Leghorn  
The main body of the chicken is white The feet do
not have feathers on them The hackle feathers are
white
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What are biotic factors, list some biotic factors
Factors related to living things which could
affect the number or distribution of organisms in
an ecosystem eg. Disease, predators , food supply.
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What is our environment?
The area around us
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What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives
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Name 2 resources that plants might compete for.

• Light
• 2. Water
• (if in limited supply)

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Name 2 resources that animals might compete for

• Food
• 2. Space
• (if in limited supply)

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Which habitats do you think will contain the
greatest number of plants and animals.
Most - wild meadow (totally natural) Medium
farmers field (may contain pesticides) Least -
urban wasteland (less food, some toxic

substances)
Wild meadow Urban wasteland Farmers field
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How does a Tulgren funnel work?

• Soil organisms move away from the heat and the
  light produced by the bulb
• fall into the beaker
• the organisms can be examined using a microscope.