The%20Federal%20Courts

1
The Federal Courts

• Chapter 11
• Section 1

2
Constitutional Origins

• The courts are established by Article III of the
  Constitution.
• Specifically creates only the Supreme Court
• Gives Congress the power to establish inferior
  federal courts.
• State courts were already in place long before
  the Constitution was written.

3
Jurisdiction of the Courts

• Jurisdiction The right to interpret and apply
  the law a courts range of authority.
• Federal Courts
• Reps of foreign nations
• Maritime law (law of the sea)
• Bankruptcy cases
• Two or more state governments
• Citizens of different states
• A state and a citizen of a different state or
  country
• U.S. laws and treaties under the Constitution

4
Jurisdiction of the Courts

• Exclusive Jurisdiction
• The authority of the federal courts alone to hear
  and rule in certain cases.
• Concurrent Jurisdiction
• The authority to hear cases shared by the federal
  and state courts.
• Original Jurisdiction
• The courts authority to hear a case for the
  first time.
• Appellate Jurisdiction
• The courts authority to hear cases on appeal.

5
Types of Law

• Civil Law
• Law dealing with the rights and relationships of
  private citizens.
• Plaintiff the person who file suit.
• Defendant One against whom a legal charge has
  been made.
• Criminal Law
• Type of law dealing with crimes and providing for
  their punishment.
• Constitutional Law
• Type of law relating to the interpretation of the
  Constitution.
• Federal Court has jurisdiction

6
Marbury V. Madison

• Court case in which the Supreme Court established
  the power of judicial review.
• Writ of Mandamus a court order that commands a
  government official to take a particular action.