FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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INTERNAL STRUCTURES

• OVARIES- (2)- are the primary reproductive organ
  of the female
• Function-
• Produce ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
• Produce the female gamete (OVA)

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OVARIES

• CHARACTERISTICS-
• ALMOND size and shape
• They are filled with tiny saclike structures
  called ovarian follicles.
• 1. Each ovarian follicle contains OOCYTES
  (immature eggs) that are surrounded by special
  layers FOLLICLE CELLS

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ANATOMY OF THE OVARIES (CONT.)

• 2. FSH causes the follicle to mature are called
  vesicular or Graafian follicles.
• 3 The increase of LH causes the developing egg
  to be ejected from the ovary in an event called
  ovulation.
• 4. Empty follicle transforms into different
  looking structure called a corpus luteum, which
  eventually degenerates but produces estrogen and
  progesterone to prepare the uterus.

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OVULATION
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DUCT SYSTEM

• The uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina form
• the duct system of the female reproductive
• tract.

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Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

• The uterine or fallopian tubes are the beginning
  of the duct system.
• They receive and transport the ovulated oocyte
  and provide a site where ovulation can occur.
• The distal end of each uterine tube expands as
  the funnel-shaped infundibulum, which has
  fingerlike projections called fimbriae that
  partially surround each ovary. The fimbriae
  capture released oocytes to be channeled through
  the fallopian tubes.

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FIMBRIAE

• The fimbriae capture released oocytes to be
  channeled through the fallopian tubes.

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FALLOPIAN FUNCTION

• Oocytes are carried to the uterus by a
  combination of peristalsis and the rhythmic
  beating of cilia.

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UTERUS

• Characteristics-
• Located in the pelvis between the bladder and the
  rectum
• Nourishes the fertilized egg

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3 sections of the uterus

• FUNDUS- region near the entrance of the Fallopian
  tubes
• BODY- large central portion
• CERVIX- narrow outlet leading to the vagina

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3 layers of uterus

• ENDOMETRIUM- inner lining that is removed during
  menses
• MYOMETRIUM- middle layer of smooth muscle
• PERIMETRIUM- outer serous layer

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VAGINA- birth canal

• 3-4 inches long
• GREATER VESTIBULAR GLANDS- that secrete
  lubrication during intercourse

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EXTERNAL GENITALIA

• MONS PUBIS- rounded area overlying the pubic
  symphysis
• LABIA MAJORA- large outer skin folds
• LABIA MINORA- small hairless inner skin folds

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CLITORIS

• Small protruding structure with many nerve
  endings and swells during excitement-
  corresponding to the male penis
• PREPUCE- covers the clitoris

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE- approx 28 days

• DAYS 1-5- MENSES- removal of the endometrial
  lining- average blood loss 50-150mL
• Very low levels of ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• DAYS 6-14- PROLIFERATIVE STAGE- growing levels
  of estrogen due to growing follicles of the
  ovaries- endometrium regenerating

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• DAY 15-28 SECRETORY STAGE- CORPUS LUTEUM-
  secretes high levels of PROGESTERONE causing a
  large increase in endometrium lining
• If no fertilization, progesterone and estrogen
  levels drop and menses begin.

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MAMMARY GLANDS

• Specialized sweat glands that produce milk
• EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
• NIPPLE is surrounded by a pigmented area called
  the AREOLA

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INTERNAL STRUCTURES

• 15 -25 lobes of ALVEOLAR GLANDS produce milk and
  pass it to the nipple via
• LACTIFEROUS DUCTS

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BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES-female

• BIRTH CONTROL PILL- contains levels of estrogen
  and progesterone. Tricks the pituitary into
  thinking that the woman is pregnant thus
  preventing ovulation, but endometrium still
  prepares for implantation. Last 7 days the
  pills are hormone free and endometrium is
  sloughed off.

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BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES-female

• INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)- plastic or matl device
  inserted into the uterus that prevented
  implantation of fertilized egg. (now they have
  IUDs that give off projesterone)

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