The atoms: MENU:

1
The atoms MENU

• First bell work with directions
• Names/symbols quiz 1
• Names/symbols quiz 2
• Start of the atom Notes
• Bell works at end of ppt
• Percent abundance notes
• Atomic egg lab/How did you get that?
• Centium lab

2
Bell work Date

• Write the answers to the following (Just write
  the answers)
• Name plates! IDS! Turn in Classroom Contracts Now
  if you have not- into the hulk-hand-in.
• 1) When should you have your ID on?
• 2) If you are sitting in the lab and you leave
  that area, what should you do?
• 3) If the teacher starts counting to 5 what
  should you do?
• 4) If you disagree with the teacher on a grade or
  other matter, when should you talk to the teacher
  about it?
• 5) What should you do if you are late?
• 6) In what other situations should you use the
  tardy door?
• 7) What 3 things are on all papers you hand in?
• 8) When should your cell phone be put away?

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Bell work Date (see board)

• ONLY WRITE WHATS in .
• Turn in your Classroom management if you have not
  already.
• Name the three elements that gave you the most
  trouble last night while you studied. Write
  their names and their symbols.
• Names in front please!

4
Bellwork Date

• Draw and label an atom of lithium the best that
  you can.
• (Its ok to be incorrect- just try)

5
Bellwork Date

• Draw and label an atom of nitrogen the best
  that you can. Do it like you did carbon in your
  notes.
• (Its ok to be incorrect- just try)

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Element name and symbols quiz
7) P 8) Br 9) Ne 10) Tellurium 11) Rn
12) He 13) Ar 14) Kr 15) I 16) Astatine 17) Xe

1. H
2. O
3. Cl
4. N
5. S
6. F

18) Si 19) As 20) C 21) B 22) Se
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Element name and symbols quiz
hydrogen oxygen chlorine nitrogen sulfur fluorine

7) P 8) Br 9) Ne 10) Tellurium 11) Rn

1. H
2. O
3. Cl
4. N
5. S
6. F

phosphorus bromine neon Te Radon
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Element name and symbols quiz
12) He 13) Ar 14) Kr 15) I 16) Astatine 17) Xe
18) Si 19) As 20) C 21) B 22) Se
Helium argon krypton iodine At xenon
Silicon arsenic carbon boron selenium
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Bell work Date

• ONLY WRITE WHATS in .
• Turn in your Classroom management if you have not
  already.
• Name three elements you had trouble with last
  night- write the name and symbol.
• 1)
• 2)
• 3)

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Element name and symbols quiz2
9) Fe 10) Ti 11) K 12) Ba 13) Mn 14) Cs

1. Li
2. Mg
3. Na
4. Ca
5. Zn
6. Co
7. Sr
8. Cu

15) V 16) Be 17) Fr 18) Ra 19) Ni 20) Rb
21) Ag 22) Hg 23) Cr 24) Sc 25) Au
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Bell work Date (see board)

• ONLY WRITE WHATS in .
• Turn in your Classroom management if you have not
  already.
• Names in front please!
• What might happen in the situation below? Write
  down the reactants and make an educated guess
  of what the products might look like . It is ok
  to be wrong, just give it a try.
• AlCl3 Mg ?

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Element name and symbols quiz 2
9) Fe 10) Ti 11) K 12) Ba 13) Mn 14) Cs

1. Li
2. Mg
3. Na
4. Ca
5. Zn
6. Co
7. Sr
8. Cu

lithium
iron titanium potassium barium manganese cesium
magnesium
sodium
calcium
zinc
cobalt
strontium
copper
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Element name and symbols quiz
15) V 16) Be 17) Fr 18) Ra 19) Ni 20) Rb
vanadium beryllium francium radium nickel rubidium
silver platinum chromium scandium gold
21) Ag 22) Pt 23) Cr 24) Sc 25) Au
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• NAME PLATES IN FRONT PLEASE!
• 1) After the bell, remain quiet as you begin your
  bell
• work.
• 2)Write down Bell work and the date to
  begin each day. Then write everything that is
  in
• brackets . Finally, answer the question.
• Bell work date 8/ /
• Name as many topics that you can think of that
  you believe might be taught in this class.
• 1) Gravity
• 2) etc.
• 3)

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• NAME PLATES IN FRONT PLEASE!
• 1) After the bell, remain quiet as you begin your
  bell
• work.
• 2)Write down Bell work and the date to
  begin each day. Then write everything that is
  in
• brackets . Finally, answer the question.
• Bell work date 8/ /
• Make a list of the elements symbols and names
  for as many as you can remember.
• 1) H hydrogen
• 2) etc.
• 3)

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Bell work Date (see board)

• Materials Check in place of bell work.
• Place the following on your desk.
• 1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
• 2 Mechanical pencil
• 3 Red pen
• 4 Reading book
• 5 Sci. Calculator
• Turn in classroom management if you have not to
  the Hulk Hand-in.

17
Bell work Date (see board)

• CHECK 2.
• Place the following on your desk.
• 1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
• 2 Mechanical pencil
• 3 Red pen
• 4 Reading book
• 5 Sci. Calculator
• Have all item by tomorrow at the latest.

18
Bell work Date (see board)

• CHECK 3.
• Place the following on your desk.
• 1 3-ring binder with paper- leave open
• 2 Mechanical pencil
• 3 Red pen
• 4 Reading book
• 5 Sci. Calculator

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Bell work Date (see board)

• Write both isotopic symbols for the following
  atoms.
• 1) P 10 N10 e- 10
• 2) P 7 N8 e- 7
• Fire drill and Tornado Drill
• Procedures will be covered.

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THE ATOM
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• Everything that exists in the universe is one of
  two things
• Energy
• Matter
• All matter is made of one or more of the
• Elements!
• http//www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html

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• Examples of energy
• Heat
• Light
• Sound
• Do these things have mass?
• NO
• Do they take up space?
• NO

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• Chemistry is the study of MATTER.
• Matter is defined as
• Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Examples (name a few)

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(No Transcript)
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What makes up an atom?

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
• These can be broken into even smaller parts.

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Particle Accelerators
Atom smashingviewput on repeat on atom smashin 9
min.avi
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Protons

• Have a positive charge
• Are part of the nucleus
• Have a mass of 1 AMU
• (atomic mass unit)

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NOT TO SCALE!
1 atom of carbon
Protons (part of nucleus)

Each has a positive charge



Nucleus of atom



Weight of each one 1 amu Total weight so far? 6
amu!
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Neutrons

• Have no charge they are neutral
• Are part of the nucleus
• Have a mass of 1 AMU

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Update (same atom of carbon)
Protons (part of nucleus)




Nucleus of atom



Total weight of atom so far? 6 protons 6 amu 6
neutrons 6 amu 12 amu total!
Neutrons (part of nucleus)
None have a charge
Each weighs 1 amu
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Electrons

• Have a negative charge.
• Move very quickly around the nucleus.
• This fast movement forms the electron clouds.
• Have relatively no mass.

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Electrons move quickly around the nucleus
-
-
Final Update (same atom of carbon)
Protons (part of nucleus)
-




What is the overall mass/weight of this atom of
carbon? 12 amu Overall charge of atom? 6
(protons) -6 (electrons) Neutral
overall!


-
Neutrons (part of nucleus)
-
- Each electron has a negative charge
-
- Electrons have no mass (relatively)
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Atoms and elements

• All matter is made of atoms.
• There are many types of atoms.
• Each different type of atom is known as an
  element.

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Comparing sizes
Nucleus
Atom
? Nucleus (50 yd line)
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How elements are different

• To determine the element you have, you only need
  to know the number of PROTONS.
• The number of protons is known as the atomic
  number.
• The atomic number is the whole number on most
  periodic charts.

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Bellwork Date

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
• Tell the charge, mass, and location for each.

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Counting Protons (P), Neutrons (N), and
Electrons(e-)

• All atoms are neutral overall.
• The number of Protons () electrons (-) must
  be the same to be neutral.
• Why doesn't the number of neutrons matter?
• They do not affect the charge!

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Isotopes

• Isotopes- are atoms of the same element with
  different numbers of neutrons.
• Each isotope of an element will have a different
  mass/weight.
• The number of neutrons can vary in atoms of a
  given element
• Ex. assume there are 3 isotopes of carbon

C
P
6
C
P
6
C
P
6
N
8
N
6
N
7
e-
6
e-
e-
6
6
The 3 isotopes of C
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Isotopes

• Can changing the number of neutrons change what
  element it is?
• No
• Would changing the number of neutrons affect the
  mass?
• Yes!
• Each one has a mass of 1 amu
• Changing neutrons will only effect the mass.

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Finding the mass of an Isotope

• Mass number- the mass of a single atom
• What subatomic particles have mass?
• What is the mass of each one?
• If something has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5
  electrons, what is the mass number?
• 5 P 5 N 10 amu total
• Remember, mass number P N

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Naming an isotope

• In the last example the mass was 10 amu.
• What was the element?
• Boron! Atomic number 5- it had 5 protons.
• This isotopes name can be written two ways.
• 1) 10B5
• This shows the atomic number and the mass
  number (the atomic is not always shown).
• 2) B-10
• This way only gives the mass number.

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Remember these?
Names?
C-14
C-12
C-13
C
P
6
C
P
6
C
P
6
N
8
N
6
N
7
e-
6
e-
e-
6
6
3 isotopes of C
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Write 2 isotopic symbols given the following
knowns

• 1) 4 protons, 2 neutrons, 4 electrons
• 2) 12 neutrons, 13 protons, 13 electrons

6
Be- 6, 4Be
25
Al-25, 13Al
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• The atom lab 1 (beads)

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Average atomic mass-

• Every element on the periodic chart shows its
  atomic number and also another number- usually a
  decimal.
• This decimal number is the average atomic mass.
• It is not the mass number of any one atom.
• It represents the average mass of atoms of the
  element.
• It is an average of all the different .
• Isotopes!
• The most common isotope will influence the
  overall average atomic mass the most.

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Bellwork date

• How is the periodic chart arranged?
• Hint it seems to related to one of the three
  subatomic particles we are studying.
• Name plate up- IDs on.
• Have all materials out on your desk
• Red pen, mechanical pencil/lead, binder, book
  (non-text), calculator

47
Bellwork DateWrite 2 isotopic symbols for
the following knowns

• 1) 8 protons, 6 neutrons, 8 electrons
• 2) 15 neutrons, 16 protons, 16 electrons

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O-14, 8O
31
S-31, 16S
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Ions

• Why do atoms often become Ions?
• Most atoms are not naturally stable.
• Only the Noble gases are stable as atoms.
• So atoms tend to become like a noble gas in the
  NUMBER OF ELECTRONS they have.
• To do this, atoms will gain or lose electrons to
  achieve the same number of electrons as the
  closest noble gas.

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Example of making an ion

• Atoms become ions by gaining or losing 1 or more
  electrons.
• Note that ions will always have a charge on them
  (unlike atoms).
• Ion types Cations ions Anions - ions
• What happens if an atom of oxygen gains two
  electrons? What noble gas will it be like now?
• It now has 10 e- (like Neon) and 8 P.
• Is it more plus or minus now? By how much?
• Its overall charge (oxidation number) is
  now 2.
• This is how you show an ion
• O-2 The charge is written superscript.

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What is it?

• 2 e-
• 3 P
• 4 N
• Ion of Li
• -2 3 1 overall (cation)

Symbol?
Li1
Li1-7 or 7Li1
Isotopic symbol?
3
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What is it?

• 7 e-
• 7 P
• 8 N
• Atom of nitrogen
• N
• 15 amu

Symbol?
N
N-15 or 15N
Isotopic symbol?
7
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What is it/How many?

• 13 N
• 18 e-
• 16 P
• Ion of sulfur (anion)
• S-2
• 29 amu

Symbol?
S-2
S-2-29 or 29S-2
Isotopic symbol?
16
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How many?

• Ca 41 or 41Ca
• P
• e-
• N

20
20
20
21
54
How many?

• F-1 - 20
• P
• e-
• N

9
10
11
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How many?

• 41Ca2 or Ca2 41
• P
• e-
• N

20
20
18
21
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The Bohr model of the atom

• - created by Niels Bohr
• - is a simplified way to understand what
• an atom looks like.
• - it shows electrons in Energy levels
• -the first E level is closest to the nucleus
• and can hold only 2 electrons.
• - the 2nd energy level is larger and farther
  from the nucleus and can hold 8 electrons.
• 3rd can hold up to 18 electrons- stable at 8 and
  /or 18 (this will be explored more in later
  topics)

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The Borh model of the atom

• The Octet Rule States that most elements are
  stable when they have 8 electrons in the
  outermost energy level.
• All elements will be stable when they have a
  FILLED OUTERMOST ENERGY LEVEL.
• Valence Outermost

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Lets try a few

• Draw the Bohr model for the following,
• Then predict how the following become stable
  (just state it- dont change model).
• Beryllium
• Oxygen
• Sodium
• Nitrogen

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Bellwork DateWrite the symbol for the
stable ion/atom. Use may use Bohr
model or the PC to help you.

• 1) Mg
• 2) As
• 3) Al
• 4) Rb
• 5) I
• 6) Ar

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Bell work! Date

• A certain ion contains 10 electrons. It also has
  a charge of -2. What element might this be?
• A certain ion contains 54 electrons. It also has
  a charge of 2. What is the identity of the
  element?

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Percent Abundance

• As we have discussed, there may be more than one
  type of atom for each element.
• For example, there are two types of lithium.
• They are Li-6 and Li-7.
• How are these two isotopes different from one
  another?
• Li-7 has one more neutron.
• As a review- identify how many P, N, and e- each
  of these isotopes of lithium has.

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Percent abundance cont.

• In reality, Li-7 is found much more commonly than
  Li-6 in nature.
• Li-7 is found 92.50 percent of the time.
• Li- 6 must be found what percent of the time?
• 100 - 92.5 7.50
• It can be stated that
• Li-7 has a percent abundance of 92.50.
• Li-6 has a percent abundance of 7.50 .

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Calculating an elements average atomic mass

• This process will describe how scientists obtain
  that decimal number on the periodic chart.
• Step 1) Write the isotopes percent abundance in
  decimal form.
• Li-7 .9250
• Li-6 .0750

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Calculating an elements average atomic mass Cont.

• 2) Multiply the mass of each by this decimal.
• Li-7 x .9250 6.475
• Li-6 x .0750 .45
• 3)Add these numbers together to get the
• average atomic mass.
• 6.475 .45 6.925
• 4) Finally, round to the hundredths place.
• 6.93 amu would be on the periodic chart.

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The Periodic Chart

• Family/Group The vertical column an element is
  in on the periodic chart
• Period The horizontal row an element is in on
  the PC.
• metals, non-metals
• noble gases
• transition metals (T-metals)
• metalloids
• halogens
• alkali metals
• alkaline earth metals

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What element is found

• Family 1, period 3
• Group II, period 5
• Family 12, period 5
• Group VII, Period 3
• Where is Ca?
• Where is Al?
• Where is bromine?
• Alkali metal in period 4?
• Noble gas in period 2?

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Bellwork Date

• 1. Name a nonmetal in family VI
• 2. Name a metalloid in period 2
• 3. Name an Alkaline Earth metal in period 4
• 4. Name a halogen in group 17 )
• 5. Name a transition metal in family 9
• 6. Name an alkali metal in period 5

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Periodic Trends

• What charge will Family I elements always have?
• Family II?
• Fill in your PC with charges above the family
  numbers.

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How many?
Bellwork date

• F-120 or 20F-1
• P
• e-
• N

9
9
10
11
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What is it?

• 4 protons
• 5 neutrons
• 4 electrons
• Its beryllium
• An ATOM of beryllium (its neutral!)
• Be
• Mass?
• P and Neutrons are 1 amu each
• 4 5 9 amu

Symbol?
Be
Be-9 or
Isotopic symbol?
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Ask!How did you get that?What else could he
ask?What vocabulary goes with this?
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Build an atom

• Main page see lab write up 2012

The sims
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How many?

• Al - 25
• P
• e-
• N

13
13
12
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How many?

• Al3 - 25
• P
• e-
• N

13
10
12
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Bellwork date

• Consider the following symbol
• Ca2
• Is it an atom or an ion?
• How many protons are in it?
• Electrons?
• Neutrons?
• How much does it weigh (mass number)

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Lets try a few

• Hydrogen
• Helium
• How many outermost/valance electrons does each
  have?
• Why is Helium stable?

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A Few More

• Lithium
• Nitrogen
• Neon
• Which ones are naturally stable?

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Bellwork Date

• Assume there are three isotopes of Fluorine
  (this is bogus data)
• F-18 99.76
• F-19 .04
• F-21 .20
• What would be its average atomic mass on the
  periodic chart?

R18.01 amu
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Bellwork Pre-Quiz Grab Bag

• 1) P15 e-18 N 17 Isotopic name?
• 2) Stable ions these atoms a) Al b) S
• 3) a) Define Mass number, b) atomic number,
• c) average atomic mass, d) isotope
• 4) How did Na1 become an ion exactly?
• 5) Symbols for a) copper, b) manganese,
  c)arsenic?
• 6) Compare the numbers on PN and e- in Be-10
  and Be-9. Which has a higher percent abundance ?
  
• 7) Family period of Magnesium? Other labels for
  it?

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Ions

• If an atom loses or gains electrons it is no
  longer called an atom(why?)
• Because its no longer neutral overall
• It is called an Ion.
• Are ions neutral?
• No, never they will always have either a or
  charge overall

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What is it?

• 8 P
• 10 e-
• 8 N
• Its oxygen
• Its an ion of Oxygen
• 8 10 - -2 overall

Symbol?
O-2
O-2-16
Isotopic symbol?
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Making a atom/ion sims

• Sims

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A Few More

• Lithium
• Nitrogen
• Neon
• Which ones are naturally stable?

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Write the symbol for the stable ion/atom.

• potassium
• phosphorus
• krypton
• sulfur
• Barium

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Periodic Trends

• Study the atoms/ions we have do so far and see if
  you can find any trends/patterns on the periodic
  chart.
• What does the family tell you?
• How many electrons are in the outermost energy
  level.
• What does the period tell you?
• How many energy levels it has

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Examples of Becoming Stable

• an atom of aluminum will
• Lose 3 or gain 5?
• Lose 3
• Al3
• This requires less energy than gaining 5...
• The way that loses/gains the FEWEST electrons
  will be the most likely way an atom becomes
  stable (like a noble gas).

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Would the following ions be stable? Yes or NO
(fix wrong ones)

• Al3
• Be-2
• N-2
• Na1
• P-2
• Li-1