Better Management Practices in shrimp farming

1
Better Management Practices in shrimp farming
Flavio Corsin
2
Increasing challenges

• Shrimp farming successful till the 80s
• Major source of livelihood/profits
• 90s major diseases begin to appear (e.g. WSD)
• Major impact on livelihood of small-scale
  producers
• Drugs Chemicals (product quality)
• Increasingly stringent standards
• Declining prices
• Environmental degradation
• Allegations for poor socio-economical
  sustainability

3
Need forbetter more sustainableways to do
shrimp farming!
4
Need forsustainability

• FAO CoC for Responsible Fisheries (whole
  fisheries sector)
• Principles for responsible shrimp farming
• Consortium program (WB, NACA, WWF, FAO, UNEP, )
• Epidemiological (population-based) investigations
  to identify risk factors for diseases
• DFID in Viet Nam and India (1997-2001)
• ACIAR in India (2001)
• Better Management Practices identified for India

5
BMP

• BMP are practices that target
• Environment protection
• Improved shrimp health/production
• Improved food safety
• Socio-economic sustainability
• Designed primarily for small-scale farmers,
  although possible for any scale
• Reduced diseases is the main incentive

6
(No Transcript)
7
Markets
Should I buy these shrimp?
Yield Biomass
Shrimp Health
Environment
EarningsSocio-economics investment
Food safety
8
Valid regardless of the species or system
Principles for sustainable shrimp farming
Specific to the system
Better Management Practices Good Aquaculture
Practices
9
BMP history

• NACA/MPEDA Farm demonstration in India (2002)
• Gradual scaling up!
• 2004-2005 NACA BMP projects in Viet Nam
• Several more projects
• ACIAR in Indonesia Thailand
• NACA, FAO, WWF in Indonesia (post-tsunami)
• NACA in Iran
• WWF in Viet Nam
• Government of Viet Nam
• ACIAR BMP network
• CARD, etc

10
BMPs in India

• Started in 2002
• Government promoted (MPEDA)
• Aquaclubs (farmer groups)
• Contract Hatcheries
• Thousands of farmers

11
Establishment of NaCSA
BMPs in India
Expansion to 5 states
Expansion to other states
AP
Contract hatchery Seed Production
AP
2001 Survey 365 ponds Nellore n West God. Risk
factors BMPs
KA
OR
2007
KA
2005
2006
2003
2004
2002
GU
TN
NaCSA
GU
2002 Farm level demonstration 5 farmers 10
ponds 7 Ha 4 tonnes
2003 Village level extension 1 Village 1 Aquaclub
58 farmers 108 ponds 58 Ha 22 tonnes
2004 Creek level extension 6 Villages 7 Aquaclubs
130 farmers 254 ponds 173 Ha 40 tonnes
2005 State level expansion 3 States 19 Aquaclubs
736 farmers 1187 ponds 663 Ha 672 tonnes
2006 5 States 28 Aquaclubs 730 farmers 1370
ponds 813 Ha 870 t
2007-08 5 Coastal states 164 Societies 4903
farmers 5170 ha
Source N.R. Umesh, NaCSA
12
i. Reduced Disease Risks
ii. Improved profitability
BMPs in India
1 US 42 INR

• Efficient use of resources (feed).
• Reduced chemical use
• Sharing of expenses
• Easier loans
• Food safety traceability
• Links with market

• Crop Calendar, Same time stocking with optimal
  density
• Quality seed through Contract Hatcheries
• Cooperation among farmers

Source N.R. Umesh, NaCSA
13
BMP in Viet Nam(NACA)

• Started in 2004
• Danida-funded project 5 provinces
• NAFIQAVED developed GAP
• Practices identified using experience from the
  region (India) within VN
• System specific, practical affordable by
  farmers
• Working with small-scale farmers
• Promote disease control, food safety reduced
  environmental pollution

14
BMP in Viet Nam

• Semi-intensive farming
• Support farmers to
• Prepare the pond better
• Check seed quality at stocking (WSSV, general
  health)
• Monitor pond bottom, water quality and shrimp
  health
• Improve biosecurity during production
• Keep records
• Better management of heath problems (reduce
  chemical use)
• Support implementation at every level (also
  extension workers, local and national authorities)

15
BMP dissemination

• Farmers meetings
• Regular pond visits
• Training extension workers
• Training volunteer Ext Workers
• Extension material
• Leaflets (10 steps)
• Booklets
• Pond books

16
Promoting farmer groups

• Collaboration
• Reduce costs WSSV testing of PL
• Improve water management
• Reduce disease spread
• Volunteer extension workers
• Key to BMPs dissemination
• Help other farmers

17
BMP implementation

• Farmers accepted BMPs
• Evaluation at the end of cycle (questionnaire)
• Indicators of BMP implementation
• Removing soil before stocking
• Not ploughing if acid soil
• Testing PL for WSSV
• Result of BMP application
• Reduced the risk of mortality (x1.4 to x1.7)
• Improved production per ha (x2 to x4)
• Doubled probability of making a profit

18
BMP for all links

• BMP for hatcheries
• 6 pilots in 2 provinces
• Similar production to non-BMP
• Better quality (no antibiotics tested for
  pathogens,)
• Better price by farmers
• BMP for broodstock suppliers
• BMP for seed middlemen

19
BMP/GAPHarmonization

• BMP incorporated into GAP (NAFIQAVED) extension
  documents
• Intensive farming
• Semi-intensive farming
• BMP disseminated also to other projects in VN

20
BMP in Viet Nam(WWF)

• Started in 2007
• CaMau prov. (1/4 production, 40 area)
• Training for extension workers in farmer group
  establishment management
• 6 cooperative gt100 farmers
• QuangNam prov.
• Wetland Alliance Program (Swedish-funded)
• 13 groups 158 farmers
• Soc Trang prov. (linked to MRC/RIA2 project)
• 15 groups 278 farmers

21
BMP in Viet Nam

• Farmers benefits
• Improved production
• Better technical expertise
• Better cooperation
• Increased bargaining power
• Better access to credit (farmer funds)
• Interest (farmers local govt) to expand
  activities
• Exploring challenges and opportunities for
  certification (Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue)
• Developing links with the market
• Collaboration with WWF Denmark buyers

22
Conclusions

• BMP farmer groups are the solution for
  small-scale farmers
• Monodon is arguably the only possible species
• Declining prices
• Solution?
• BMP products are better
• Markets request better products (better
  price/market access)
• Need for traceability! Possible if farmers are
  clustered
• Use WWF influence on consumers/retailers

23
Thank you