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The Geosphere

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... soils and sediments on the Earth Atmosphere consists of the air that surrounds the Earth Hydrosphere consists of all water, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Geosphere


1
The Geosphere
2
Changes occur on the Earth constantly
  • Molten rock flows from volcanoes
  • Hurricanes batter beaches and change coastline
  • Earthquakes shake the ground

3
The Earth is a system that consists of air,
water, rock and living things
  • All of the parts interact with each other

4
Scientists use special terms to describe the
different parts of the Earth
  • Geosphere consists of all the rock, soils and
    sediments on the Earth
  • Atmosphere consists of the air that surrounds
    the Earth
  • Hydrosphere consists of all water, fresh or
    saltwater
  • Biosphere all living things on the planet

5
Most of the geosphere is located in the Earths
interior
  • The average diameter of the Earth is 12,756km

6
Discovering the Earths Interior
7
The earth is like an onion
  • Its made of layers

8
The information we have concerning the interior
of the Earth comes to us from studying seismic
waves
  • Seismic waves travel through different material
    at different rates. When seismic waves change
    direction or speed, it means they have moved
    through different layers

9
Scientists divide the Earth into three layers
based on composition
  • Crust the thinnest layer of the Earth (5-20km
    thick) made entirely of light elements
  • Mantle makes up 64 of the earths mass,
    (2900km thick) made of rocks of medium density
  • Core has a radius of 3400km and composed of the
    densest elements

10
The Earth can also be divided into 5 layers based
on physical properties
  • Lithosphere
  • Asthenosphere
  • Mesosphere (mantle)
  • Outer core
  • Inner core

11
The lithosphere is the Earths outer layer
  • It contains the crust and uppermost part of the
    mantle and is divided into moving sections called
    Tectonic Plates

12
The asthenosphere is the layer beneath the
lithosphere
  • The asthenosphere is the plastic solid layer of
    the Earth that the plates move on top of

13
The mesosphere consists of the lower mantle
between the asthenosphere and outer core
  • The mesosphere contains molten rock which is
    called magma

14
The outer core is 2200km thick and made of nickel
and iron
  • The outer core is mostly liquid

15
The inner core is a solid sphere of iron, nickel
and cobalt (radioactive)
  • The temperature of the inner core is thought to
    be between 4000 and 5000 degrees Celsius

16
Scientists believe that cobalt in the core decays
producing heat
  • The heat from the core produces energy that makes
    the magma move producing earthquakes, volcanoes
    and plate movement
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