Fire Safety for Magnesium Processing and Finishing Operations

1
Fire Safety for Magnesium Processing and
Finishing Operations

• Unit 4

2
Enabling Objectives

• After completing this section of the course
  students should be able to
• Discuss magnesium melting and casting operations
  and the precaution for carrying out these
  operations safely.

Explain procedures for fire and explosion
prevention for melting and casting, heat
treating, machining and finishing, dust
collection, cleaning procedures, electrical
equipment, personal protective equipment, spark
producing operations, grinding wheels, stamping
and drawing, fugitive dust, vacuums, storage and
fire prevention
3
Magnesium!
4
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Buildings non-combustible
• Melt rooms access to fire control
• Floors free of moisture standing water
• Storage below magnesium no depressions where H2O
  could accumulate

Pouring magnesium castings
5
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Solid metals thoroughly dried by pre-heating gt
  250F or higher if impurities are present
• Fuel supply lines to melt pots remote shutoffs

Ovens for preheating ingots
6
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Turnings, powders etc. can ignite at lower
  temperatures than the solid metal and should be
  avoided
• Keep solid magnesium free of dust, grindings and
  swarf

7
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Concrete always contains water!
• Contact with molten magnesium and concrete will
  cause a violent explosion!

8
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Keep the furnace and the surrounding area free of
  moisture and iron oxide in the event of a runout

Area around the furnace is kept clean and dry
9
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Molten magnesium systems to have 110 secondary
  containment of largest expected failure
• Install barriers or shields to prevent contact
  with incompatible materials
• Iron scale and magnesium possible thermite
  reaction

10
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Crucible interiors and covers free of iron oxide
  scale to avoid thermite reaction
• Inspect crucibles and melting pots regularly!
• Use of protective atmospheres can cause formation
  of iron scale above

11
Crucible Maintenance

• Repair or discard damaged crucibles
• Preheat ladles, skimmers sludge pans and molds
• Vigilant for avoiding spilling magnesium

12
Crucible Maintenance

• FR clothing no pockets or cuffs
• Foundry boots
• Safety glasses and faceshields when handling
  molten magnesium

Shields over metatarsals
13
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Where the melting of magnesium takes place
• A. There should be no standing water on the
  floor.
• B. There should be no depressions under the
  magnesium where water could collect.
• C. Buildings should be non-combustible
  construction.
• D. All of the above

14
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Concrete always contains water, therefore
  contact with molten magnesium and concrete will
  likely cause
• A. A housekeeping problem
• B. A violent explosion
• C. A minor nuisance
• D. None of the above

15
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Damaged crucibles can create a safety hazard,
  crucibles should therefore
• A. Be inspected for damage regularly
• B. If damaged, be discarded or repaired
• C. Used until there is a definite problem
• D. Only choices A B above.

16
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Where the melting of magnesium takes place
• A. There should be no standing water on the
  floor.
• B. There should be no depressions under the
  magnesium where water could collect.
• C. Buildings should be non-combustible
  construction.
• D. All of the above

17
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Concrete always contains water, therefore
  contact with molten magnesium and concrete will
  likely cause
• A. A housekeeping problem
• B. A violent explosion
• C. A minor nuisance
• D. None of the above

18
Magnesium Melting Casting

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Damaged crucibles can create a safety hazard,
  crucibles should therefore
• A. Be inspected for damage regularly
• B. If damaged, be discarded or repaired
• C. Used until there is a definite problem
• D. Only choices A B above.

19
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Poses fire risks!
• In furnaces gt 750F use a special atmosphere
  inside the furnace to retard the ignition of
  magnesium
• Procedure needed to check for furnace hot spots,
  check prior to the heat and at regular intervals

• sulfur dioxide (SO2)
• sulfur hexafluoride with carbon dioxide (SF6/CO2)
• helium (He)
• argon (Ar)

20
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Combustion safety controls
• One set maintains operating temperature
• High set control to shut fuel or power if max op
  temp is exceeded even by a small amount!

21
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Only clean parts free of swarf turnings placed
  in furnace!
• No combustible or aluminum separators or any
  other Al in furnace load of Mg
• Furnaces for Mg cleaned as necessary to remove
  any accumulation of iron oxide scale

22
Magnesium Heat Treating

• When heat treating it is critical to identify Al
  containing Mg alloys
• Aluminum and magnesium can form a eutectic alloy
  which can cause furnace fires!
• Same effect if Al contact Mg at elevated
  temperatures
• Use alloy manufacturer heat treating
  specifications

23
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Ensure magnesium alloys are never immersed into
  salts used for aluminum
• Mg in nitrate salt baths may cause an explosion!
• Mg and Al parts easily distinguished
• Magnesium and aluminum together forms an alloy
  which has a lower melting and auto-ignition
  temperature of either parent metal

24
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Heat treating of magnesium
• A. Poses potential fire risks
• B. Should be done using a special atmosphere that
  retards ignition of magnesium
• C. Include procedures to check the furnace for
  undesirable hot spots.
• D. All of the above

25
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 2. A second set of temperature controls on
  magnesium heat treating furnaces is needed
  because
• A. The first set of controls may fail.
• B. To shut down the furnace if the maximum
  operating temperature is exceeded.
• C. For convenience and to speed heating treating.

26
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Nitrate salt baths if used for magnesium
• A. Will likely cause an explosion.
• B. Is the preferred solution.
• C. Is sometimes use to reduce processing time.

27
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Heat treating of magnesium
• A. Poses potential fire risks
• B. Should be done using a special atmosphere that
  retards ignition of magnesium
• C. Include procedures to check the furnace for
  undesirable hot spots.
• D. All of the above

28
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 2. A second set of temperature controls on
  magnesium heat treating furnaces is needed
  because
• A. The first set of controls may fail.
• B. To shut down the furnace if the maximum
  operating temperature is exceeded.
• C. For convenience and to speed heating treating.

29
Magnesium Heat Treating

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Nitrate salt baths if used for magnesium
• A. Will likely cause an explosion.
• B. Is the preferred solution.
• C. Is sometimes use to reduce processing time.

30
Machining, Finishing Fabricating Magnesium

• Cutting tools must not ride on the metal without
  cutting frictional heat can ignite the fines!
• Back the tool off as soon as the cut is finished
• Cutting tools kept sharp, ground with sufficient
  clearance
• Drilling holes gt 5X diameter of drill, use high
  helix bits (45) to prevent packing

31
Machining, Finishing Fabricating Magnesium

• Use only high flash tapping fluid
• Dont use water, water soluble oils and oils gt
  0.2 fatty acids (hydrogen gas hazard)
• Use water-oil emulsion fluids that inhibit
  hydrogen gas formation

32
Machining, Finishing Fabricating Magnesium

• Machines provided with pan to catch turnings and
  chips
• Pan designed to be pulled out quickly in case of
  fire
• Pan arranged so fire can be quickly extinguished

33
Machining, Finishing Fabricating Magnesium

• Machine to keep chip size large
• Maintain good housekeeping around magnesium
  machining operations
• Remove chips regularly
• Avoid accumulation of more than 3 lbs of chips
• Chips stored in covered containers

34
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Machine magnesium so as to keep the size of
  chips generated
• A. A consistent size.
• B. Large.
• C. Small to reduce scrap volume.

35
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Tapping fluids for magnesium must be approved
  for use with magnesium and
• A. Prevent the formation of explosive hydrogen
  gas.
• B. Have a very low flash point.
• C. Have a high concentration of fatty acids.

36
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Machines that produce chips and turnings
  should be provided with a catch pan that
• A. Will catch the chips and turnings.
• B. Can be removed quickly in case of fire.
• C. Is arranged so the fire can be put out
  quickly.
• D. All of the above.

37
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Machine magnesium so as to keep the size of
  chips generated
• A. A consistent size.
• B. Large.
• C. Small to reduce scrap volume.

38
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Tapping fluids for magnesium must be approved
  for use with magnesium and
• A. Prevent the formation of explosive hydrogen
  gas.
• B. Have a very low flash point.
• C. Have a high concentration of fatty acids.

39
Magnesium Machining Finishing

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Machines that produce chips and turnings
  should be provided with a catch pan that
• A. Will catch the chips and turnings.
• B. Can be removed quickly in case of fire.
• C. Is arranged so the fire can be put out
  quickly.
• D. All of the above.

40
Dust Collection for Magnesium Operations

• Machines fitted with enclosures or hoods to
  capture dust produced
• Use wet-type collectors or cyclone collector
  located outdoors
• Do not use bag-type collectors for magnesium

41
Wet-Type Collectors

• Any hydrogen generated from contact with water
  must be properly vented
• Remove sludge from the tank if the collector will
  be inoperable for longer than a day
• Use a secondary blower to ensure venting of the
  sludge tank whenever the main exhaust is not on

42
Wet-Type Collectors

• Use good collector housekeeping!
• Sludge build up in the collection tank should not
  exceed 1/20 of the tank capacity
• Remove sludge whenever the collector will be shut
  down for extended periods greater that a day.
• Wet collectors must be dedicated to the
  collection of magnesium type materials only
• Aluminum especially containing copper is
  incompatible

43
Cyclone Dust Collectors

• Locate collectors outdoors!
• Vent exhaust outside to a safe location
• Do not recycle air back into the building

44
Dust Collection for Magnesium Operations

• All components of the dust collector should be
  conductive and the system should be bonded and
  grounded
• Ensure no water can leak into the collector

45
Dust Collection for Magnesium Operations

• Separate the collector from the machines that
  feed it with duct that is at least 15 feet long
• Explosion venting can be used on cyclone dust
  collectors
• Vent away from personnel and other equipment

46
Cyclone Dust Collection for Magnesium Operations

• Air movement should be such to keep the
  concentration of magnesium dust below ¼ of the
  minimum explosive concentration for machines
  feeding a cyclone dust collection system
• Fast air movement helps keep concentration of
  dust at safe levels

FAST!!
KEEP AIR MOVEMENT
47
Cyclone Dust Collection for Magnesium Operations

• Keep duct tubes as short as possible
• Eliminate any unnecessary bends in ductwork
• No dead end section or unused caps where dust can
  accumulate
• Interlocked equipment power supply with exhaust
  blower

Explosion venting in short duct run
48
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Wet dust collectors must be.
• A. Vented to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen
  gas.
• B. Located outdoors.
• C. Fitted with duct runs that incorporate bends.

49
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Insufficient air movement in a dust collection
  system could cause
• A. A high concentration of dust that approaches
  the minimum explosive concentration.
• B. Helps keep the concentration of dust below ¼
  of the explosive range.
• C. Will prevent dust from collecting in ducts.

50
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 3. For cyclone dust collectors
• A. Keep the duct runs as short as possible.
• B. Eliminate unnecessary bends in the ductwork.
• C. Eliminate dead ends and unused caps.
• D. Interlock the collector to the machines that
  feed into it.
• E. All of the above.

51
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Wet dust collectors must be.
• A. Vented to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen
  gas.
• B. Located outdoors.
• C. Fitted with duct runs that incorporate bends.

52
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Insufficient air movement in a dust collection
  system could cause
• A. A high concentration of dust that approaches
  the minimum explosive concentration.
• B. Helps keep the concentration of dust below ¼
  of the explosive range.
• C. Will prevent dust from collecting in ducts.

53
Dust Collectors

• Practice Quiz
• 3. For cyclone dust collectors
• A. Keep the duct runs as short as possible.
• B. Eliminate unnecessary bends in the ductwork.
• C. Eliminate dead ends and unused caps.
• D. Interlock the collector to the machines that
  feed into it.
• E. All of the above.

54
Cleaning Procedures for Magnesium Operations

• A thorough cleaning plan must be put in place
  that includes the entire production area, beams
  joists, pipes, etc.
• Use conductive non-sparking tools for cleaning
• Vacuums listed for magnesium dust

You do not want too much dust up here!
55
Cleaning Frequency

• Every effort must be made by management to
  prevent the accumulation of hazardous levels of
  dust
• Perform regular cleaning
• Turn machines off
• Clean regularly and as often as necessary to keep
  accumulations of dust below hazardous levels
• Cover all portions of the building

56
Electrical Equipment for Magnesium Operations

• Dust producing equipment and associated areas
  inspected and cleaned regularly
• Other portable electrical equipment approved for
  Classified Location

Class II Approved Flashlight
57
Electrical Considerations

• Electrical equipment and wiring in magnesium
  production, processing, handling and storage
  areas comply with the NEC
• Processing equipment used in magnesium operations
  grounded and bonded to dissipate static
  electricity

NEC
58
PPE Safety for Magnesium Operations

• Clothing flame retardant
• Clean and dust-free
• Dust easily brushed off
• No pockets or cuffs
• No wool or silk (static electricity)
• No exposed steel on shoes (spark generating)

59
Cleaning Operations

• Practice Quiz
• 1. A thorough cleaning plan should be put in
  place that includes
• A. Beams, ducts, and tops of equipment.
• B. Incorporates the use of conductive
  non-sparking hand tools.
• C. Uses only vacuums approved for magnesium dust.
• D. All of the above.

60
Electrical Equipment

• Practice Equipment
• 2. Portable electrical equipment for operations
  that produce ignitable magnesium
• A. Must only be operated by battery
• B. Must be safe and approved for use for the
  hazard class involved.
• C. Does not require a grounding conductor.

61
Personal Protective Equipment

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Clothing used around magnesium operations
  should be
• A. Wool or silk.
• B. Cuffed to prevent tripping.
• C. Flame retardant.

62
Cleaning Operations

• Practice Quiz
• 1. A thorough cleaning plan should be put in
  place that includes
• A. Beams, ducts, and tops of equipment.
• B. Incorporates the use of conductive
  non-sparking hand tools.
• C. Uses only vacuums approved for magnesium dust.
• D. All of the above.

63
Electrical Equipment

• Practice Equipment
• 2. Portable electrical equipment for operations
  that produce ignitable magnesium
• A. Must only be operated by battery
• B. Must be safe and approved for use for the
  hazard class involved.
• C. Does not require a grounding conductor.

64
Personal Protective Equipment

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Clothing used around magnesium operations
  should be
• A. Wool or silk.
• B. Cuffed to prevent tripping.
• C. Flame retardant.

65
Safety for Magnesium Operations

• Control spark producing operations where
  magnesium dust producing equipment is used
• No flames, cutting or welding in areas where
  machines that produce magnesium dust are in
  operation

66
Grinding Wheels

• Remove grinding wheels to a safe location for
  dressing
• Or, remove hoods
• Or, clean thoroughly
• Remove all deposits of dust around wheel before,
  during and after dressing

Dressing the wheel is a problem! Do it right.
67
Grinding Wheels

• Use only non-sparking tools to make repairs
• dust collectors that contain magnesium dust
• grinding wheel hoods that serve them

Non-sparking box wrench set
68
Stamping and Drawing

• Take precautions to prevent overheating magnesium
• Collect trimmings and clippings at frequent
  intervals
• Place into dry and clean steel or non-combustible
  receptacles

69
Fugitive Dust

• Prevent the accumulation of fugitive dust
• Use only conductive, non-sparking shovels and
  scoops
• Brush bristles must be soft
• Brushes and brooms natural bristles
• Never use compressed air for cleaning magnesium
  dust

Non-sparking tools for cleaning
70
Fugitive Dust Vacuums

• Use hand cleaning to pick up as must dust as
  feasible
• Only vacuum dust that is spread out
• Scoop up or sweep bigger piles
• Vacuum used must be bonded and grounded
• Design, installation and use of vacuum systems
  for magnesium dust must be properly engineered
  due to the great potential hazard of fire or
  explosion
• Listed, labeled and approved

Class II approved vacuum
71
Vacuums

• Hoses and attachments conductive and non-sparking
• System is to grounded and bonded where necessary
• Test for continuity to ground
• Locate fixed collection receptacle outside

72
Grinding Wheels

• Practice Quiz
• 1. When dressing grinding wheels used for
  grinding magnesium parts, which of the following
  would be unacceptable
• A. Remove the wheel to a safer location for
  grinding.
• B. Remove the hood.
• C. Leave the hood in place and dress the wheel
  quickly.

73
Fugitive Dust

• Practice Quiz
• 2. A responsible program for the management of
  fugitive dust would not include
• A. Use of conductive non-sparking tools.
• B. A procedure that prevents excessive
  accumulation of dust anywhere in the plant.
• C. Plant air reduced to 30 psi.

74
Vacuums

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Requirements for vacuums used to collect
  magnesium dust include
• A. Vacuums should only be used where dust is too
  dispersed or too small or spread out to sweep or
  scoop up.
• B. Periodically tested for continuity to ground.
• C. Have only hoses and attachments that are
  conductive and non-sparking.
• D. All of the above.

75
Grinding Wheels

• Practice Quiz
• 1. When dressing grinding wheels used for
  grinding magnesium parts, which of the following
  would be unacceptable
• A. Remove the wheel to a safer location for
  grinding.
• B. Remove the hood.
• C. Leave the hood in place and dress the wheel
  quickly.

76
Fugitive Dust

• Practice Quiz
• 2. A responsible program for the management of
  fugitive dust would not include
• A. Use of conductive non-sparking tools.
• B. A procedure that prevents excessive
  accumulation of dust anywhere in the plant.
• C. Plant air reduced to 30 psi.

77
Vacuums

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Requirements for vacuums used to collect
  magnesium dust include
• A. Vacuums should only be used where dust is too
  dispersed or too small or spread out to sweep or
  scoop up.
• B. Periodically tested for continuity to ground.
• C. Have only hoses and attachments that are
  conductive and non-sparking.
• D. All of the above.

78
Storage of Magnesium

• Limit the size of piles of magnesium stored
• Piles should not exceed 20 feet in height
• Aisles should be at least 10 feet wide
• Do not store magnesium below grade

79
Outdoor Storage

• Store on level and firm ground
• Stack to prevent toppling
• Keep the storage yard free of overgrowth of
  vegetation
• Ensure proper drainage is maintained
• Quantities of stored piles kept to a minimum
• No combustibles underneath ingots

Magnesium for the war effort in WW II
80
Outdoor Storage

• Up to 100,000 pounds of magnesium may be stored
  if
• Proper drainage moves water away from stored
  material
• Aisles at least ½ the pile height plus 10 extra
  feet
• Piles kept to less than 10 feet wide
• Combustible materials not stored closer than 25
  feet to ingots
• Refer to NFPA 484 7.7.1.2.6 regarding property
  lines

81
Castings Storage

• Magnesium castings must be free of chips and fine
  particles when stored
• Floors non-combustible and well drained
• Buildings non-combustible unless full sprinkler
  protection
• Light castings piles lt 1000 ft³
• Stored away from heat combustibles

82
Magnesium Rack Storage

• Aisles in front of racks equal in width to the
  height of the racks
• All aisle space kept clear and unobstructed

• Do not lean or stack separators or metal sheets
  on edge so as to prevent heat from a fire
  activating a sprinkler system
• Combustible materials or rubbish not allowed to
  accumulate in the rack space

83
Scrap Magnesium Storage

• Buildings of noncombustible construction
• Dry magnesium kept away from other combustibles
• Scrap kept in covered containers and managed so
  they will not become wet.
• Wet magnesium submerged and stored outside in
  covered, vented steel containers (check
  frequently)
• Do not stack scrap containers

84
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Magnesium storage should conform to all of the
  following except
• A. Limit the size of piles of magnesium stored.
• B. Leave adequate aisle room between piles.
• C. Store magnesium in basements.
• D. Pile height should not exceed 20 feet high.

85
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Storage of castings must be
• A. Free of chips and fines.
• B. In piles that do not exceed 1000 ft³.
• C. Well away from heat and combustibles.
• D. A C above only.
• E. A, B C above.

86
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Magnesium stored outdoors must be
• A. Stacked to prevent toppling.
• B. Protected from vegetation overgrowth.
• C. Not closer that 25 feet to combustibles.
• D. All of the above.

87
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Magnesium storage should conform to all of the
  following except
• A. Limit the size of piles of magnesium stored.
• B. Leave adequate aisle room between piles.
• C. Store magnesium in basements.
• D. Pile height should not exceed 20 feet high.

88
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Storage of castings must be
• A. Free of chips and fines.
• B. In piles that do not exceed 1000 ft³.
• C. Well away from heat and combustibles.
• D. A C above only.
• E. A, B C above.

89
Storage of Magnesium

• Practice Quiz
• 3. Magnesium stored outdoors must be
• A. Stacked to prevent toppling.
• B. Protected from vegetation overgrowth.
• C. Not closer that 25 feet to combustibles.
• D. All of the above.

90
Fire Prevention Hot Work

• Permits required in areas that contain exposed
  magnesium chips, dust or sponge
• All areas requiring a Hot Work Permit are to be
  thoroughly cleaned of magnesium chips, dust or
  sponge prior to work

Hot work cannot proceed under these conditions
91
Fire Prevention Hot Work

• Containers to receive molten magnesium thoroughly
  cleaned and dried
• Good housekeeping mandatory
• Supplies stored orderly, with separation of
  incompatible materials and aisles maintained
• Supplies of magnesium limited to those needed for
  normal operations

92
Fire Prevention Other Materials

• Regular combustibles like paper and wood are not
  allowed to accumulate in magnesium processing
  areas
• What is necessary to be in the area for
  production is allowed but they must be stored in
  designated areas

• Clean chips and dust from buildings whenever
  necessary and as frequently as conditions require
• Chips and dust are to be removed to safe storage
  or disposal areas

93
Fire Prevention - Inspections

• Documented inspections
• detect build up of magnesium dust on all parts of
  buildings
• equipment not cleaned during daily operations
• No ordinary combustibles commingled with
  magnesium dust, chips or sponge
• No smoking and signs posted where chips or dust
  is present

94
Fire Prevention - Inspections

• Where smoking is prohibited in the entire plant
  no smoking signs are optional
• Consider the risks of using tools and utensils in
  areas where magnesium dust is handled that could
  generate static electricity or impact sparks
• Where magnesium is collected or stored in
  containers material handling equipment able to
  remove any container from the area is readily
  available

95
Fire Prevention

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Hot work around ignitable magnesium requires
• A. A permit.
• B. That the area be thoroughly cleaned.
• C. Chips, dust and sponge removed.
• D. All of the above.

96
Fire Prevention

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Inspections for fire prevention must be
• A. Mandatory only if a fire occurs.
• B. At the discretion of management.
• C. Documented.
• D. None of the above.

97
Fire Prevention

• Practice Quiz
• 1. Hot work around ignitable magnesium requires
• A. A permit.
• B. That the area be thoroughly cleaned.
• C. Chips, dust and sponge removed.
• D. All of the above.

98
Fire Prevention

• Practice Quiz
• 2. Inspections for fire prevention must be
• A. Mandatory only if a fire occurs.
• B. At the discretion of management.
• C. Documented.
• D. None of the above.

99
Summary
In this section we covered the potential hazards
and risks associated with

• Melting and Casting
• Heat Treating
• Machining and Finishing
• Dust Collection
• Cleaning Procedures
• Electrical Equipment
• Personal Protective Eq.

• Spark Producing Operations
• Stamping and Drawing
• Fugitive Dust
• Use of Vacuums
• Storage of Magnesium
• Fire Prevention

And the controls needed for these potential
hazards and risks