Charbeneau, 2000.

1
porosity
Charbeneau, 2000.
2
Figure 15.1
3
Types of Porous Media
n VV / VT Vol Voids / Total Vol
Freeze and Cherry, 1979.
4
Porosity - not good indicator of flow
Bedient et al., 1999.,
5
Pressure and Elevation Heads - Field
? pressure head z elevation head h total
head
Freeze and Cherry, 1979.
6
Two Confined Aquifers with Different Heads
Groundwater will tend to flow from the top
aquifer to the bottom aquifer. We cant make any
conclusion about horizontal head gradients from
this picture.
Charbeneau, 2000.
7
Horizontal and Vertical Head Gradients
Freeze and Cherry, 1979.
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Other Aquifer Features
10
The Major Aquifers of Texas
Ogallala
Carrizo-Wilcox Edwards Gulf Coast
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Recharge

• Natural
• Precipitation
• melting snow
• Infiltration by streams and lakes

• Artificial
• Recharge wells
• Water spread over land in pits, furrows, ditches
• Small dams in stream channels to detain and
  deflect water