Chapter 3 Section 4 Adaptation and Survival

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Chapter 3 Section 4 Adaptation and Survival
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Bellwork 11/6/2014

• I will not do anything to adapt to school next
  year as a freshman.
• A. Strongly agree
• B. Simply agree
• C. Strongly disagree
• D. Simply disagree

Write the statement and answer. Justify your
answer
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Objectives

• State Performance Indicator
• SPI 0807.5.2 - Analyze structural, behavioral,
  and physiological adaptations to predict which
  populations are likely to survive in a particular
  environment
• SPI 0807.5.3 - Analyze data on levels of
  variation within a population to make predictions
  about survival under particular environmental
  conditions.
• TOC
• 24. Adaptation and Survival Notes
• 25. Adaptation Model Lab

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• An adaptation is a characteristic that improves
  an individuals ability to survive and reproduce
  in a particular environment.

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• Three types of adaptations that help organisms
  survive are structural, behavioral, and
  physiological.
• Some examples of these adaptations are

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1. Obtaining Food
Almost all organisms have adaptations to help
them obtain food. Examples Chameleon long
tongue Woodpecker pointed beak Human hands
and fingers
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2. Predator-Prey

• Many organisms have adaptations that serve as a
  defense against predators.

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• One common adaptation that helps predators and
  prey is called camouflage.
• An organism that is camouflaged is disguised so
  that it is hard to see even when the organism is
  in view.

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Analyze this

• With your group think of two animals that use
  camouflage to protect themselves from predators.
  Analyze how their camouflage protects them?
• You have 45 seconds

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3. Interactions

• Two species can acquire adaptations because of
  their interaction with one another.
• Interactions take place between organisms that
  live close together.

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4. Hibernation/Estivation

• A period of inactivity and decreased body
  temperature that some animals experience in the
  winter is hibernaton.
• Many desert squirrels and mice experience a
  similar internal slowdown in the hottest part of
  the summer which is called estivation.

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5. Migration

• To migrate is to travel from one place to
  another. Animals migrate to find food, water, or
  safe nesting grounds.

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Natural selection

• The process by which individuals that are better
  adapted to their environment survive and
  reproduce more successfully than less well
  adapted individuals do.
• There are four parts that make up natural
  selection. They include

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1. Overproduction

• more offspring are born than will live to become
  adults.

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2. Genetic Variation

• Individuals in a population differ from one
  another. Some characteristics improve chances
  while others lower chances for survival.

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3. Struggle to Survive

• Many individuals die from lack of resources.
  Others are killed by predators or cannot find
  mates to reproduce. The ones who find resources,
  survive!

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4. Successful Reproduction

• This is the key to natural selection. The strong
  survive, while the weak die early or have few
  strong offspring.

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SPI 0807.5.2 Adaptation SPI 0807.5.3 Variation
Pg. 87
4 Phases of Natural Selection
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
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Genetic Variation
In natural selection, individuals within the
population must be different. Over time, the
population will be made up of more individuals
with characteristics that help them survive.
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If a population decreases rapidly, the
characteristics of the individuals are reduced.
This is called a genetic bottleneck.
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What is happening in this diagram?
What type of organism would make it to this side?
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• Many characteristics may be lost entirely because
  the individuals with those characteristics died.
  As the population recovers, organisms are
  genetically similar causing genetic diseases to
  occur.

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Glue these notes in your SNB. The title in your
TOC should be Adaptation and Survival notes.
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Adaptation Model Lab

• Since the beginning of life on Earth,
  species have had special characteristics called
  adaptations that have helped them survive changes
  in environmental conditions. Changes in a
  species environment include climate changes,
  habitat destruction, or the extinction of prey.
  These changes can cause a species to die out
  unless the species has a characteristic that
  helps it survive. For example, a species of bird
  may have an adaptation for eating sunflower seeds
  and ants. If the ant population dies out, the
  bird can still eat seeds and can therefore
  survive.
• In this activity, you will explore several
  adaptations and design an organism with
  adaptations you choose. Then, you will describe
  how these adaptations help the organism survive.

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Exit ticket

• 1.SPI 0807.5.2 (Adaptations)Source 2009 TDOE
  Practice Test Questions (Number 11)The Arctic
  environment has temperatures that range between -
  22 C and 6C with snow covering some of the area.
  Which adaptation would most likely help a
  population of organisms survive this environment?
• A. Green feathers and webbed feet
• B. Large shell and leathery skin.
• C. Long necks and tall legs.
• D. Light colored fur and layers of blubber.

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• 1. Adaptations- anything that helps an organism
  survive in its environment.
• 2. Structural adaptations adaptations that
  involve some part of an organisms body, such as
  teeth, body coverings, or movement.
• 3. Behavioral adaptations adaptations that
  include activities that help an animal survive.
• 4. Physiological adaptations internal body
  makeup allowing for survival

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• 1.______Insects have a very light external
  skeleton, called an exoskeleton, to support and
  protect their body.
• 2.______Some mammals have special light receptive
  cells that can see in color.
• 3.______Cows have five stomachs to hold the grass
  longer to aid digestion of grass.
• 4.______Plants have green chlorophyll a chemical
  that is used in photosynthesis.
• 5.______ Limpets can move onto the underside of
  rocks at low tide.

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• 6. ______Polar bears have thick white fur so they
  are hard to see on the ice.
• 7. ______ Deer can run fast.
• 8. ______ Plants have leaves that are thin, flat
  structures to absorb light.
• 9. ______ Snails have a shell that they retreat
  into when it is dry.
• 10. _____ Dogs pant to help lose heat.

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• 11. _____Hedge-hogs have spines on their backs to
  protect them
• 12. ______ Seaweeds have a brown chemical that
  helps absorb light from underwater.
• 13. ______ Kiwis have a long beak to dig in the
  earth for food.
• 14. ______ Hedge-hogs make themselves into a ball
  when they sense danger.
• 15. ______ Cats can sit really still at times
  when they are stalking a bird.

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• 16.______ Polar pears blubber allow it to stay
  warm in frigid temperatures.
• 17. _____ Snake scales aid in the heat and
  dryness of the dessert which keeps water from
  escaping through its skin
• 18._____ Penguins build nest out of rocks.
• 19. _____ Grizzly bears hibernate during the
  winter because of the shortage of food supply.
• 20. _____ Whales, salmon, and geese will migrate
  elsewhere when the seasons change.