Chapter 10: A Changing Nation

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Chapter 10 A Changing Nation

• Social Studies 8

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A. Building National Identity

• Era of Good Feeling described President
  Monroes 2 terms in office
• Building National Economy everyone feeling
  govt. should help secure economy
• Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Daniel
  Webster all wanting better
  America

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• Second Bank of U.S. opened after 1st Bank of
  U.S. s charter ran out
• Necessary b/c state banks made too many loans and
  issued too much money inflation rising prices
• Bank of U.S. controlled money supply and made
  loans to individuals
• Tariffs of 1816 put tariffs on European
  goods, so people would buy American
  products
• Popular in north where manufacturing
• Hurt the South who had to pay
  more for products and had no
  factories to benefit

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• Important Supreme Court rulings promote
  economic growth
• McCullough vs. Maryland protected the Second
  Bank of U.S., ruled against Maryland wanting the
  bank to pay tax
• 1. Said states cant pass laws that interfere
  w/fed. govt.

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• Dartmouth College vs. Woodward protected
  Dartmouths charter as a contract and couldnt be
  changed by govt.
• Promoted capitalism

• Gibbons vs. Ogden ruled state couldnt have
  monopoly over interstate commerce
• Strengthened fed. govt.

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B. Dealing with other Nations

• Spain Spanish control in N. America weakening,
  esp. in Florida
• Escaped slaves going to FL and joining Seminole
  nation hiding out
• Govt. sends Gen. Andrew Jackson to recapture
  slaves, he also burns towns, and forces governor
  to leave
• Adams-Onis Treaty -
  Spain cedes Florida to
  U.S. because it cant
  protect the territory

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• Spanish colonies wanted independence
• Mexico won independence after Father Hildago
  organized armies of natives to fight for
  independence
• Hidalgo was executed, but Mexico continued to
  fight and won freedom from Spain in 1821
• 1823 Mexican constitution passed
• Simon Bolivar the Liberator - won
  independence for much of
  South America

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• The Monroe Doctrine statement to Congress and
  rest of world that any attempt to create colonies
  in U.S. would be considered dangerous to our
  peace safety

• Canada remained British
  colony after American Rev.
• Gained right to self-government in 1841
• Canada upset after we invaded during War of 1812
• Very good relationship with Canada now

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C. Age of Jackson

• Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson received most
  popular and electoral votes, but not majority
  went to House
• Henry Clay pushed to vote for Adams
• John Quincy Adams elected president in 1824
• Adams appoints Clay as Sec. of State
• Jackson followers called it corrupt bargain and
  Adams never really accomplishes much with all of
  controversy surrounding his election

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• Jackson was man of the people - nicknamed Old
  Hickory for strength in War of 1812
• He believed ordinary people should take part in
  government
• Loved by average American person
• Jackson won election of 1828
• Suffrage (voting) had been extended to more
  people - more people voting
• 3x more than 1824 called peoples president b/c
  so many more people voted for him than any
  election

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• Political parties re-emerge Jackson Henry
  Clay split Republican party
• Jackson Democrat
• Clay National Republican
• National conventions now held to pick candidate
• After winning Jackson replaces gov. officials
  with his supporters called Spoils System
• Had been done before, but Jackson did so publicly
  was criticized

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D. Indian Removal

• Still over 100,000 natives living east of MS
  River
• Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek and Chickasaw
• Cherokee adopted white ways, ran businesses,
  claimed status as separate nation
• Led by Sequoyah
• Represented conflict over land
• Gov. tried to get natives to
  move voluntarily, many in
  SE had to be forced

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• Removal Georgia passed legislation to move
  Creek Cherokee Indians
• Said that Cherokee werent separate nation and
  had to obey laws
• 2 Supreme Court rulings first against Cherokee
• First Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia supported
  govt.
• Second Worcester vs. Georgia supported
  Cherokee b/c said gov. had made treaties with
  Indians and treaties were protected by
  Constitution
• Jackson furious, wanted natives gone
• Jackson passed Indian Removal Act of 1830 gave
  natives land west of MS River in exchange for
  their land east of it and gave them money to move

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• Trail of Tears Choctaw Cherokees path to new
  Indian territory in present-OK
• Indians forced to walk hundreds of miles in bad
  weather with little supplies
• 4,000 of 15,000 Cherokee died along the way
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYJPfd1ipOGc

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E. States Rights Economy

• The Bank War Jackson disliked the Bank of the
  U.S. because he thought it favored the rich
• http//www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew
  -jackson/videos/jackson-censured-in-bank-war
• Business owners liked the bank it loaned them
  money
• Farmers/merchants/ordinary people didnt like
  the bank, b/c it restricted loans to regular
  people
• Bank closes after charter runs out in 1836
• Jackson vetoed bill to lengthen Banks charter
• Showed strength of president against Congress

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• Nullification Crisis caused when Congress
  placed high tariffs on goods
• South upset, and VP John C. Calhoun said the
  states had the right of nullification cancels
  the fed. Law
• This would seriously weaken fed. Government
• South worried fed. Govt. would begin passing
  laws about slavery
• Those against nullification said it challenged
  the union and could break country apart

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• South Carolina voted for nullification
  threatened to secede if govt. forced the tariffs
  on them
• Jackson sends Proclamation to People of S.
  Carolina telling them fed. law is supreme hell
  use force
• Jackson also passed law to lower tariffs
• S. Carolina agreed to end nullification
• States Rights issue of balancing power between
  state governments federal government still
  problem
• Alien Sedition Act, Virginia Kentucky
  resolutions, and Nullification Crisis were issues
  dealing w/states rights

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F. End of Jackson

• Martin Van Buren Jacksons second VP, ran for
  president and won in 1836
• Panic of 1837 British economy going bad, cant
  buy cotton from Americans
• Americans arent selling cotton or making
• Americans cant pay loans to banks
• Banks went bankrupt Economic collapse
• Lasted for 6 years ruined Van Burens presidency
• William Henry Harrison beat Van Buren in election
  of 1840 Age of Jackson was over!!