Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) VHT Study Group Usage Models

1
Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) VHT Study GroupUsage Models

• Date 2008-03-09

Authors
2
WFA VHT Study GroupConsolidation of Usage
ModelsMarch 9, 2008Submission for the March
2008 IEEE 802.11 VHT Study Group Meeting in
Orlando

3
IEEE 802.11 Abstract

• This submission embodies the results of
  discussions taken place in the Wi-Fi Alliance
  (WFA) Very High Throughput Study Group. The
  document contains usage model information
  intended to provide key input for the a PAR and 5
  Criteria discussions inside the IEEE 802.11 VHT
  SG.
• The document contains an overview of usage
  environments, 21 usage models across 6 categories
  and a prioritization framework for the usage
  models, based on anticipated market volume and
  anticipated market timing.
• This document is a formal liaison from the WFA
  and has been approved by the WFA Board of
  Directors as such.

4
Topics

• Context and Introduction
• Categories of Usage Models
• Terminology
• VHT Environments
• Listing of Usage Models by Category
• Prioritization of usage models
• Appendix Descriptions of all Usage Models

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Context and Introduction

• As a result of the July, 2007 meeting in San
  Francisco, the IEEE802.11 Working Group Approved
  a Liaison to WFA requesting Usage Models to drive
  requirements for the VHT SG
• The WFA responded by creating a Study Group
  chartered with producing Usage Models for VHT
• This group has held 14 conference calls and 2
  face to face meetings.
• This Usage Model document is the final Usage
  Model deliverable to the IEEE 802.11 VHT SG from
  the WFA.

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Categories of Usage Models

1. Wireless Display
2. In Home Distribution of HDTV and other content
3. Rapid Upload and Download of large files to/from
   server
4. Backhaul Traffic (e.g. Mesh, Point-to-Point)
5. Campus / Auditorium deployments
6. Manufacturing Floor Automation

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Terminology

• Usage Model A usage model is the combination of
  all the below things not to be confused with a
  use case which is the specific set of steps to
  accomplish a particular task.
• Pre-Conditions Initial conditions before the
  use case begins.
• Application A source and/or sink of wireless
  data that relates to a particular type of user
  activity. Examples are streaming video and VoIP.
• Environment The type of place in which a
  network is deployed, such as home, outdoor, hot
  spot, enterprise, metropolitan area, etc.
• Traffic Conditions General background traffic
  or interference that is expected while the use
  case steps are occurring. Overlapping BSSs,
  existing video streams, and interference from
  cordless phones are all examples of traffic
  conditions.
• Use case A use case is task oriented. It
  describes the specific step by step actions
  performed by a user or device. One use case
  example is a user starting and stopping a video
  stream.

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Usage Model 1c In room gaming video display
from game machine and peer-to-peer connectivity
for hand-held controllers
Example of Documentation templateused for all
21 cases

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• Multiple users start game machine.
• Game console, display, and controllers wirelessly
  form an association with minimal user
  configuration.
• Users play for extended hours with no visible
  sign the display utilizes or controllers use
  wireless technology.
• Users stop playing, then turns off game console.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for in room
gaming may or may not be part of the other
operational WLAN network. Application User can
wirelessly display the output of the game console
to projector or TV using a video codec like
Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video.
Bi-directional data goes between game console and
hand-held controllers. Bi-directional controller
data requirements are 1.0 Mbps, jitter is 15
msec, delay is 15 msec, 1.0E-4 PER. Environment
Devices are operating in isolated cluster in a
room such as a den. Transmissions are mostly LOS.
Distance between far corners of the room are lt5
M.
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VHT Environments

• Home
• On desk (short range, line of sight)
• Within room (medium range, mostly line of sight)
• Entire home (long range, could be no line of
  sight)
• Home Mesh
• Enterprise
• On desk/cube (short range, line of sight)
• Conference room (medium range, mostly line of
  sight)
• Dense deployment
• Enterprise Mesh
• Small Office
• Single BSS with unmanageable interferences with
  limited number of users
• Outdoor
• Outdoor mesh backhaul link
• Regular bridging between buildings
• Airplane docking
• Campus (Education Space, Hospital)
• Auditorium/lecture halls in the education space
  for video demos
• Video surveillance and conferencing

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Overview Of Usage Models
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Video Requirements Summary
Video Compression Description Rate, Mbps Packet Error Rate Jitter, ms Delay,ms
Uncompressed 720p (RGB) 1280x720 pixels, 24bits/pixels,60frames/s 1300 1e-8 5 5
Uncompressed 1080i (RGB) 1920x1080/2pixels, 24bits/pixels,60frames/s 1300 1e-8 5 5
Uncompressed 1080p (YCrCb) 1920x1080 pixels, 12bits/pixels,60frames/s 1500 1e-8 5 5
Uncompressed 1080p (RGB) 1920x1080 pixels, 24bits/pixels,60frames/s 3000 1e-8 5 5
Lightly Compressed Motion JPEG2000 150 1e-7 10 10
Compressed Blu-ray 50 1e-7 20 20
Compressed HD MPEG2 20 3e-7 20 20
Values in Red Text used for new requirements for
frame loss rate.
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Assumptions for Video Requirements

• Single frame is 1500 bytes
• Packet Error Rate, Jitter, and Delay are measured
  at the upper MAC, not at the Phy.
• Loss of single packet is noticeable by the
  renderer
• Packet Error requirements are derived based on
  expectations of error free viewing
• Below is a table deriving error-free interval
  from video rate and frame loss probability

Video Rate Packet Error Rate Expected Error free interval, min
3000 1e-8 6.7
1500 1e-8 13
1300 1e-8 15
150 1e-7 13
50 1e-7 40
20 3e-7 30
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Context for Usage Model Prioritization

• We currently have 21 Usage Models
• Feedback from IEEE VHT SG has been that this is
  too many, and has asked WFA to prioritize
• Following slides outline a method for
  prioritization
• Method based on
• Identification of prioritization dimensions
• Pair-wise comparison to rank-order the usage
  models on each of the prioritization dimensions

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Prioritization Framework

• Two dimensions for prioritization
• Expected Market Volume
• Operationalized by answering the question for
  each pair of usage models Which usage model
  will have higher unit volumes shipping in 2012?
• Anticipated Market Timing
• Operationalized by answering the question for
  each pair of usage models
• Which usage model is anticipated to become a
  marketplace reality sooner?

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Rank-Ordering for the 2 Example Dimensions
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Example of Prioritizing based on Market Volume
and Anticipated Market Timing
RelativelyHigh
Market Volume
Rela-tivelyLow
Sooner
Later
Anticipated Market Timing For Mainstream Market
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Topics

• Context and Introduction
• Categories of Usage Models
• Terminology
• VHT Environments
• Listing of Usage Models by Category
• Prioritization of usage models
• Appendix Descriptions of all Usage Models

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Overview Of Usage Models
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Category 1 Wireless Display transfer content
between devices

• Desktop Display at home or enterprise
• In room projection from PC to TV at home or
  projector in conference room within an enterprise
• In room Gaming video display from game machine
  and peer-to-peer connectivity for hand-held
  controllers
• Streaming from a camcorder to a display (live or
  stored content)
• Broadcast TV Field Pick Up
• Medical Imaging and Surgical Procedure Support in
  the form of uncompressed video

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Usage Model 1a Desktop Display at home or
enterprise

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• User sits down to their desk, turns on their
  computer.
• Computer wirelessly forms an association to an
  external hard drive and the display with minimal
  user configuration.
• User works for extended hours without a visible
  sign that the display is using wireless
  technology.
• User stops working, then turns off computer.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for storage
and display may or may not be part of the other
operational WLAN network. Application User can
wirelessly display the output of the computer to
monitor or TV using uncompressed video. User can
wirelessly store data from a computer to a
harddrive. The data being stored transfers at
1Gbps, jitter is lt 200msec, delay is lt200msec,
10E-5 PER. Environment Devices could be
operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a
den or in close proximity to other similar
clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions
are mostly LOS. Distances between far corners of
the room are lt5M.
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Usage Model 1b In room projection from PC to TV

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• User sits on their couch in a family room, they
  turn on their computer this may occur via remote
  control.
• Computer wirelessly forms an association with the
  TV with minimal user configuration.
• User starts then displays a video for extended
  hours with no visible sign that the display
  utilizes wireless technology or the computer.
• User stops viewing, then turns off computer.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for in room
projection may or may not be part of the other
operational WLAN network. Application User can
wirelessly display the output of the PC to
projector or TV using a video codec like Motion
2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video.
Environment Devices could be operating in
isolated cluster in a family room (or den) or in
close proximity to other similar clusters in a
multi-cube office. Transmissions are mostly LOS.
Distance between far corners of the room are lt8
M.
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Usage Model 1c In room gaming video display
from game machine and peer-to-peer connectivity
for hand-held controllers

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• Multiple users start game machine.
• Game console, display, and controllers wirelessly
  form an association with minimal user
  configuration.
• Users play for extended hours with no visible
  sign the display utilizes or controllers use
  wireless technology.
• Users stop playing, then turns off game console.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for in room
gaming may or may not be part of the other
operational WLAN network. Application User can
wirelessly display the output of the game console
to projector or TV using a video codec like
Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video.
Bi-directional data goes between game console and
hand-held controllers. Bi-directional controller
data requirements are 1.0 Mbps, jitter is 15
msec, delay is 15 msec, 1.0E-4 PER. Environment
Devices are operating in isolated cluster in a
room such as a den. Transmissions are mostly LOS.
Distance between far corners of the room are lt5
M.
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Usage Model 1d Streaming from a camcorder to a
display (live or stored content).

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• A users starts a camcorder and a display device.
• Camcorder and display wirelessly form an
  association with minimal user configuration.
• Users plays content (stored or live) from
  camcorder to the display for several hours.
• User stops playing content, then turns off
  camcorder and display.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for
displaying camcorder content may or may not be
part of the other operational WLAN
network. Application User can wirelessly
display the output of the camcorder to projector
or TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG
that lightly compresses video. This is live
content or stored content. Environment
Devices are operating in isolated cluster in a
room such as a den. Transmissions are mostly LOS.
Distance between far corners of the room are lt5
M.
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Usage Model 1e Broadcast TV Field Pick Up

• Uncompressed Video link (1.5Gbps) between Roaming
  (No Wires) Broadcast TV Camera and wired real
  time TV Broadcast Network (e.g. sports events)

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Usage Model 1e Broadcast TV Field Pick Up
Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network for Internet access and general data
networking. The wireless network used for
broadcast TV pickup may or may not be part of the
other operational WLAN network. Application A
professional camera person carrying a broadcast
quality camera is capturing shots for Live
Broadcast TV production. The uncompressed video
from the camera is sent through a wireless VHT
link to a VHT AP, with a wired link into the Live
Broadcast TV direction room. Environment
Devices are operating in large space with many
moving people and interference from other
wireless broadcast cameras, and in some cases a
multitude of in-band and out-of-band interfering
wireless systems. Transmissions are mostly
non-LOS with people as obstacles, not walls.
Distance between camera and AP can be up to 50m.

• Traffic Conditions
• Typical configuration will be a point to point
  link between the Camera and a VHT AP.
• Use Case
• The Broadcast TV crew plans the placement /
  roaming area for Mobile TV cameras ahead of the
  live broadcast events.
• VHT APs have a wired link back to the Direction
  Room, which are put in place and tested prior to
  the event starting.
• Camera person starts camera and brings up
  wireless link prior to the live event commencing.
• Camera person and/or director decides when the
  camera is capturing live broadcast footage.
• At the end of the live event, camera person
  shuts off camera.
• Installation crew disassemble network
  configuration after the event is over.

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Usage Model 1f Medical Imaging and Surgical
Procedure Support

• Uncompressed Video link between in-patient
  surgical camera and display (Very strict latency
  requirement)

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Usage Model 1f Medical Imaging and Surgical
Procedure Support in the form of uncompressed
video
Pre-Conditions Hospital has operational WLAN
network for general data networking. The wireless
network used for medical imaging is typically not
part of the other operational WLAN
network. Application A surgeon is using one or
more surgical tools that is equipped with a HDTV
camera, close to, or inside a patients body. The
uncompressed video from the camera is sent
through a wire (wire of 3-5 meter long), to a VHT
transmitter. The HDTV screen(s) are equipped with
a VHT radio, and display the footage from the
camera in real time. Surgeon uses view on screen
to direct tools (e.g. to make incisions).
Environment Devices are operating in medium
sized space with multiple moving people and
moving metal equipment. Interference from other
wireless and non wireless equipment.
Transmissions are a combination of mostly LOS and
N-LOS with people and equipment as obstacles, not
walls. Distance between VHT transmitter tethered
to the surgical device and the VHT radio in the
display is lt10m typically this is an adhoc-like
connection with no AP.

• Traffic Conditions
• VHT link typically dedicated for unicast or
  multicast to one or more displays in the
  operating room. Wired connection to video
  recording / storage device.
• Use Case
• Medical technician turns on equipment and tests
  the equipment, including the video link
• Surgeon uses surgical tools, equipped with HDTV
  cameras
• Whole procedure, or select images may be
  recorded and stored on mass storage device
• At the end of the procedure, medical technician
  switches off equipment

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Category 2 Distribution of HDTV and other
content

• Lightly compressed video streaming around the
  entire home (100s of Mbps)
• Compressed video streaming in a room or
  throughout a home
• Intra-Large-Vehicle (e.g. airplane) Applications
• Video streaming of 30-40 movies, 100s of TV
  channels to up to 300 people with individual
  play/rewind control over each stream
• Streams are 5Mbps each. 3005Mbps1.5Gbps
• Wireless Networking for Small Office
• Remote Medical Assistance via Wireless Networks

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Usage Model 2a Lightly Compressed Video
Streaming throughout the home

• Traffic Conditions
• Occasional interference from other homes because
  WLAN is on other channels. Data transfers
  consuming up to 20 of the total bandwidth, 2
  additional video streams, and wireless
  display/controllers from a video game machine may
  be occurring during this use case. Microwave may
  be running for up to 5 minutes.
• Use Case
• User looks up a program on electronic program
  guide.
• User selects a video.
• Lightly Compressed Video is delivered/uploaded
  over the wireless network for a period of two
  hours.
• User may pause video during 2 hour period then
  resume watching.
• Task is complete when user stops watching the
  video.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network which includes a TV with wireless
capabilities, a PVR with wireless capabilities,
and an AP associated with the WLAN that is not in
the same room as the game machine and TV.
Application User can display the output of
the PVR wirelessly on the TV using a video codec
like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses
video. Environment Two story, three bedroom
house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other
homes in the area are also operating WLANs.
Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance
between far corners of the home are 100 feet
with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between
the video end points.
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Usage Model 2a Lightly Compressed Video
Streaming throughout the home
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Usage Model 2b Compressed video streaming in a
room or throughout a home

• Traffic Conditions
• Severe interference from multiple streams in the
  house and other homes because WLAN is on other
  channels. High speed data transfers consuming up
  to 20 of the total bandwidth, many additional
  video streams, and wireless display/controllers
  from a video game machine may be occurring during
  this use case. Microwave may be running for up to
  5 minutes.
• Use Case
• User looks up a program on electronic program
  guide.
• User selects a video.
• Compressed Video is delivered/uploaded over the
  wireless network for a period of two hours.
• User may pause video during 2 hour period then
  resume watching.
• Task is complete when user stops watching the
  video.

Pre-Conditions User has operational WLAN
network which includes a TV with wireless
capabilities, a PVR with wireless capabilities,
and an AP associated with the WLAN that is not in
the same room as the game machine and TV.
Application User can display the output of
the PVR wirelessly on the TV using high
definition compressed video with a codec like
BluRay . Expect three or four simultaneous HD
streams. Environment Two story, three bedroom
house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other
homes in the area are also operating WLANs.
Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance
between far corners of the home are 100 feet
with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between
the video end points.
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Usage Model 2c Intra-Large-Vehicle (e.g.
airplane) Applications

• Traffic Conditions
• In addition to the video traffic, Data transfers
  consuming up to 20 of the total bandwidth, many
  additional video streams, and wireless
  display/controllers from a video game machine may
  be occurring during this use case.
• Use Case
• User looks up a program on electronic program
  guide.
• User selects a video.
• Compressed Video (e.g. 5Mbps) is delivered to
  the individual for a period of two hours.
• User may pause video during 2 hour period then
  resume watching.
• Task is complete when user stops watching the
  video.

Pre-Conditions 300 people watching individual
video programs simultaneously, each with control
of their own video. Application 30-40 movies
and 100s of TV channels available for viewing by
300 people. Each user controls their own video.
Video being displayed is something like standard
definition MPEG2 compressed. Video requirements
are 5Mbps, jitter is lt200 msec, delay is lt
200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. Aggregate bandwidth
requirement is 3005Mbps1.5Gbps. Environment
Metal narrow structure such as a bus or plane.
Limited number of thin walls need to be
penetrated, but many people and seats will cause
some level of interference.
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Usage Model 2d Wireless Networking for Small
Office
Pre-Conditions Office with up to 5 people
engaged in high quality/high revenue services
that involved video and voice interaction with
client and transferring large volumes of
multimedia data A single AP serves the whole
office. Application Multiple applications run
at the same time. High definition compressed
video uses something like an Blu-ray codec. Voice
is standard definition quality using a codec like
G729. Aggregate bandwidth requirement is 5
simultaneous video streams. Voice requirements
are 50Kbps, Jitter lt30msec. Delay lt30msec.
1.0E-1 PER. Environment Mostly not Line of
sight within a single office. People walking
around the office. There is potentially
unmanageable interference from neighboring
offices within 100 feet when in 2.4 / 5 GHz The
office is larger than a typical BSS coverage in
an enterprise environment, but less than 40m X40m

• Traffic Conditions
• 2 WLAN video streams
• 2 WVoIP streams
• Up to 5 best effort data streams
• The best effort data traffic can take up to 20
  of the available bandwidth with saturated offered
  load.
• Use Case
• Users run different applications during the day
  and may start each application at different time.
  
• A typical sequence is staring up a voice call,
  adding video sending/receiving multi-media data
  and discussing this over the voice/video link
• The duration of such a use case is typically one
  hour.
• Up to three of these sessions may be going on
  in parallel.

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Usage Model 2e Remote Medical Assistance via
Wireless Networks
Remote doctor office
Surgery room
Compressed or uncompressed video links between
the AP and surgical camera in patient and
display, as well as the AP and web cam /display
in the remote doctors office.
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Usage Model 2e Remote Medical Assistance via
Wireless Networks

• Pre-Conditions
• A medical facility uses remote diagnosis using
  video/audio and data for cases outside its area
  of expertise.
• Application
• Remote diagnosis involving video, audio and data
  interaction. Video sourced from the surgery room
  and sent to the remote office is uncompressed.
  Video sourced from the remote office and sent to
  the surgery room is lightly compressed.
  Reliability is a dominant requirement
• Audio requirements are 100Kbps, stream Jitter
  lt20msec. Delay lt20msec. 1.0E-1 PER.
• The compressed and uncompressed video is
  transferred through both APs, thus the total
  throughput for each AP is (1.5Gbps150Mbps)
  1.65Gbps.
• Environment
• Indoor hospital surgery room of 20 by 20 meter at
  one end, an office room of 10x10 meter to 40x40
  meter coverage at the remote end.
• There are some unmanageable interferences around
  both ends.

• Traffic Conditions
• One-way video stream of compressed HD quality
  with possibility of two-way background streams of
  lower quality. Two-way audio and data. QoS must
  be ensured.
• Use Case
• Devices are connected and the networks are setup
  in both rooms.
• Real- time video and voice are sent to the AP in
  the surgery room, passed over Internet to the AP
  in the remote office and further displayed.
• Real-time voice instructions and images of the
  doctors are sent from the audio and camera to
  the AP in the remote office, passed over the
  Internet to the AP in the surgery room and
  finally displayed.
• Session may last e.g. 2 hours Audio or video
  session may selectively started and stopped
  during the session. All connections are
  terminated in the end The duration of such a use
  case is typically one hour.

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Category 3 Rapid Upload and Download of large
files to/from server

• Rapid Sync-n-Go file transfer camera to PC (10s
  of MB per pic), video kiosk
• Picture-by-picture viewing - displaying digital
  pictures (jpegs, raw files) from a remote storage
  device to laptop or TV
• Airplane docking as airplane pulls up to the
  boarding gate
• plane down loads sensor (mechanic info, flight
  performance, maintenance) flight information
  (e.g. crew, passenger info, flight plan)
• plane uploads next flight information and new
  videos
• Movie Content Download to Car as it pulls into
  garage
• Police / Surveillance Car Upload
• Upload several 10s of GB of data (Video
  Surveillance footage) from surveillance car to
  content server police station

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Usage Model 3a Rapid Sync n Go, File Transfer

• Sync n Go within a room.
• Transfer several 10s of GB of individual pictures
  or movies to archive local storage

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Usage Model 3a Rapid Sync n Go, File Transfer

• Traffic Conditions
• Potential interference from overlapping networks
  (e.g. neighbors, other WLANs). Data transfers and
  video display should be operational
  simultaneously.
• Use Case
• User completes secure pairing between devices
  (similar to WPS) co-located in a room.
• User is presented with list of device specific
  applications on the PC.
• User selects the desired application (e.g.
  download pictures, sync files).
• The selected application is launched.
• User navigates applications to complete start
  task (e.g. download pics, sync files).
• When task is complete user exits the
  application.

Pre-Conditions User has WLAN connectivity
between a PC, PDA, cell phone, a camcorder, and a
camera. Application User can sync movies
to/from the camcorder and transfer the picture
files. An MPEG4 video file of 30MByte takes 4
minutes over a single hop 1Gbps link. 200 jpeg
(picture) files of 10Mbyte takes 30 seconds over
a 1Gbps single hop link . Jitter and delay are
not critical. Instead, the key metric is the
users time spent to do a transfer. Less than 1
minute is acceptable. 1-5 minutes may be
acceptable. More than 5 minutes is not
acceptable. Environment Devices could be
operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a
den or in close proximity to other similar
clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions
are mostly LOS. Distance between far corners of
the room are lt8m.
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Usage Model 3b Picture-by-Picture Viewing
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Usage Model 3b Picture-by-Picture Viewing

• Traffic Conditions
• Severe interference from multiple streams in the
  house and other homes because WLAN is on other
  channels. High speed data transfers consuming up
  to 20 of the total bandwidth, many additional
  video streams, and wireless display/controllers
  from a video game machine may be occurring during
  this use case. Microwave may be running for up to
  5 minutes.
• Use Case
• User starts local viewing application on the
  display device in the same room as the user.
• Through the viewing application, the user finds
  pictures on the server.
• The user selects the photos to watch then starts
  a slide show.
• Pictures transfer from the server to the viewing
  devices at fixed intervals set by the user or
  when user manually advances to next picture.
• When session is complete, the viewing app is
  shut down and the user is done.

Pre-Conditions User has WLAN connectivity
between a desktop PC and a laptop or TV.
Application A picture file is periodically
sent from a server to a laptop, then viewed on
the laptop or TV. A single picture could be a
10Mbyte jpeg file (0.08 seconds on a 1Gbps single
hop link). Key metric is the time spent to
transfer a file. The complete file transfer and
display of the picture should happen in less than
100ms. Environment Two story, three bedroom
house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other
homes in the area are also operating WLANs.
Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance
between far corners of the home are 100 feet
with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between
the video end points.
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41
Usage Model 3c Airplane Docking
Pre-Conditions Airplane is equipped with a
wireless bridge to connect to airport wireless
systems. Airplane has many servers, storage
devices, and systems that need current and
up-to-date data and content. Airplane also has
onboard data collection recorders which need to
off-load data to ground systems. Application
Airplane lands at airport. Upon acquiring local
network, airplane associates, authenticates, and
begins to cross-load data as required. Depending
upon onboard systems configuration and length of
flight, quantity of data may vary between 10s of
MB to 500GB. 500GB takes a little more than an
hour over a single hop 1Gbps link. All data must
be exchanged in time required to reload plane
with passengers (60 minutes). Environment
Airports have widely embraced wireless
technologies, thus the environment is likely to
be spectrally congested. Airplane may be handed
off from one AP to another as it taxies toward
the gate. Typical paths are line-of-sight, and
can be 100s of meters long during the taxi phase,
then quite short at the gate. Initial links will
be slow, due to distance and noise, but will
improve as airplane nears the gate.

• Traffic Conditions
• Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from other
  airport systems, is highly likely, with
  significant spectrum contention and medium
  sharing. The airplane docking up/download will
  likely be using a dedicated VHT network, but not
  necessarily. Multiple airplanes (up to 20) could
  be connected to the same AP at the same time.
• Use Case
• Airplane systems collect high priority data from
  automated recording devices or crew logs and
  reports. Other airplane systems providing lower
  priority, refreshed entertainment content for
  passengers.
• Airplane lands at airport, and associates with
  ground network as it taxies to the gate.
• At the gate (when communication distances are
  shorter), the airplane achieves the highest data
  rates possible for up/downloads.
• Entertainment content is downloaded to the
  airplane for use during flight. Recorded data
  from the flight, crew logs, and other data is
  uploaded to airline databases for analysis and
  action.

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Usage Model 3d Video Content download to car

• Traffic Conditions
• Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from neighbors,
  muni Wi-Fi or other Home networks is likely to
  occur. The video content download to the car may
  either be using a dedicated VHT link, or it may
  be part of the multi purpose Home network.
• Content download should not create a negative end
  user perceptions for other applications using the
  home networks (e.g. voice, streaming media etc.)
• Use Case
• User either predefines content download criteria
  (e.g. all new Discovery episodes), or selects
  contents to be downloaded on a case by case basis
• Car pulls into garage / driveway
• VHT radio in car connects with VHT home network
• Car downloads content from home server that is
  queued up for download / synch
• Session terminated once content download is
  finished
• Download sequence may be repeated based on new
  content becoming available, and car still within
  range of VHT network

Pre-Conditions Car is equipped with a storage
devices for video and other content, attached to
a VHT radio. Car is also equipped with HDTV video
display(s). Home is equipped with a content
server and VHT WLAN network. Application Car
comes within range of VHT home AP, and new video
and audio content is downloaded to the content
server in the car. E.g. new movies, music or TV
programming. Size of one HDTV movie estimated to
be between 30and 100GB. At 1Gbps rates this
transfer takes between 3 and 13 minutes.
Environment Environments variable e.g.
indoor garage, outdoor car port, car parked at
curb. Size of house, and construction materials
used varies. Range/throughput expectation is
high deployment based on convenience for placing
home networking device and storage device
equipment. Distance between AP and car likely to
be 10 60 m, 1 3 walls. Objective is to
minimize download times.
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Usage Model 3e Police / Surveillance Car Upload

• Upload several 10s of GB of data (Video
  Surveillance footage) from surveillance car to
  content server police station

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Usage Model 3e Police / Surveillance Car Upload
Pre-Conditions Police / Surveillance Car is
equipped with one or more SD or HD video cameras
and a storage devices for video and other
content. Connections between camera(s) and
storage device are wired. Storage device is
attached to a VHT radio. Car is also equipped
with external antennas. Police station is
equipped with a content server and VHT WLAN
network. Application Car comes within range
of Station VHT AP, and new video and audio
content is uploaded to the content server in the
station. Depending on the resolution of the video
and the duration of the footage collection, the
amount of data to be uploaded can vary from a few
GBs to over 100 GB. 100GB takes 13 minutes on
1Gbps single hop link. Environment
Environments variable e.g. indoor garage,
outdoor car port, car parked at curb. Size of
station and construction materials used varies.
Range/throughput expectation is high deployment
at station based on relative proximity to car
parking lot / garage. Distance between AP and car
likely to be 10 60 m, 1 3 walls. Objective is
to minimize up times.

• Traffic Conditions
• Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from neighboring
  businesses, government institutions or
  residences, is likely to occur. The video content
  upload will likely be using a dedicated VHT
  network. Multiple cars (up to 10) may be
  uploading at the same time.
• Use Case
• Surveillance officer turns on video cameras,
  typically at the beginning of the shift
• Cameras capture footage, which gets stored on a
  storage device on board the surveillance car
• Surveillance offers turns off video cameras,
  typically a the end of a shift
• VHT radio in car detects that it comes in reach
  of VHT network to which is authorized to upload
  content (typically the network at the base
  station)
• Content is uploaded for storage and viewing and
  analysis at a later point in time.

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Category 4 Backhaul

• Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul
• Hotspot
• Enterprise
• Small Office or Home
• Campus-wide deployments
• Municipal deployments
• Point-to-Point Backhaul

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Usage Model 4a Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul
Mesh Portal AP connected to wired network.
Mesh Portal AP
1st Hop
1st Hop
Applications are evolving towards more video
intensive use cases for monitoring as well as
reporting and interaction. The mesh backhaul,
will carry very high traffic loads.
2nd Hop
AP
AP
2nd Hop
AP
3rd Hop
AP
3rd Hop
AP
AP
AP
AP
VHT Link Non VHT Link
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Usage Model 4a Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul
Pre-Conditions Mesh topology with one Mesh
Portal AP with wired link to a network such as
the Internet. An example topology could be 3 hops
from Mesh Portal AP and 1-5 clients per AP. APs
provide mesh routing with simultaneous access for
clients. Mesh Portal AP also provide connectivity
for clients. Application Traffic is both
outbound and inbound for data, video and voice.
Data may include scheduled hard-drive backups of
many PCs. Video is high definition compressed
video using, for example, an Blu-ray codec. High
definition voice may be using a codec like GIPS
iPMC-wb. See next slide for specific traffic
requirements. Environment Mesh backhaul for
hot spot, enterprise, small office/home office,
campus, and municipal deployments. Line of Sight
as well as NLOS. There is some unmanageable
interference in the area. Hops with a 100 to 1500
m separation from each other.

• Traffic Conditions
• Mesh Portal AP VHT interface reaches capacity
  limits with an equal amount of inbound and
  outbound traffic. Packets may be aggregated.
• Use Case
• User on client devices looks up a program on
  electronic program guide.
• User selects a video.
• High Quality Compressed Video is
  delivered/uploaded over the wireless network for
  a period of two hours.
• User may pause video during 2 hour period then
  resume watching.
• Upload/downloading a file while watching the
  movie is a background task that is not likely to
  be interrupted.
• Task is complete when user stops watching the
  video.
• The video from multiple clients is aggregated up
  through the mesh network through the Mesh Portal
  AP.

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Usage Model 4a Multi-Media Mesh Backhaul traffic
requirements

• Consider case of up to 50 users requiring
  multi-media connectivity through any one link.
  Traffic from all users is aggregated up through
  the Mesh Portal AP.
• A single user requires 20 Mbps of bandwidth.
• Aggregate of 50 users 20 Mbps 1Gbps raw
  throughput.

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Usage Model 4b Point-to-Point Backhaul
Point-to-Point Backhaul
VHT Link
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Usage Model 4b Point-to-Point Backhaul

• Pre-Conditions
• Networks (wired or wireless) are be connected via
  a point-to-point link. The individual networks
  can support hundreds of users with a wide array
  of traffic requirements that will only be limited
  by the VHT link capabilities.
• Application
• Traffic is bidirectional and is comprised of
  data, voice, video and data. Data may include
  scheduled hard-drive backups of many PCs. High
  Definition Video is compressed using something
  like a Blu-ray codec. Voice is high definition
  using a codec like GIPS iPCM-wb.
• See next slide for specific traffic requirements.
• Environment
• Point-to-point link distance is 100 meters to
  1500 meters. Typically locations are Line of
  Sight. There is some unmanageable interference
  around the area.

• Traffic Conditions
• Point-to-point link can carry traffic with
  multiple QoS categories. End of each link is
  heavily loaded with equal amount of traffic in
  both directions.
• Use Case
• Two builds are on opposite sides of a rail road
  track. The building owner has no rights to lay a
  wire in the ground between buildings.
• Owner sets up a wireless VHT link between the
  buildings.
• Users can now take advantage multi-media
  applications spanning both buildings.
• Network is operation 24x7.

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Usage Model 4b Point-to-Point Backhaul Traffic
Requirements

• Each building may house several hundred end
  users. Consider the case of up to 50 users
  requiring multi-media connectivity through the
  point-to-point link at any given moment in time.
• A single user requires 20Mbps.
• Aggregate of 50 users 20 Mbps 1Gbps raw
  throughput.

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Category 5 Outdoor Campus / Auditorium
deployments

• Video Demos or Tele-presence in
  Auditoriums/Lecture Halls
• Public Safety Mesh

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Usage Model 5a Tele-presence in
Auditoriums/Lecture Halls

• Pre-Conditions
• A operational WLAN network in a auditorium or
  lecture hall (300x300) is used for mass
  tele-presence or interactive demo events.
  Auditorium/lecture hall is connected remotely
  through a high speed link to the actual
  person/people doing the presentation. Actual
  person may be many miles away from lecture hall
  with telepresence.
• Application
• Tele-presence conferencing event that involves
  audio and video. Video is uncompressed for
  display on large screen (WQXGA -2560x1600, 24
  bits per pixel, 60Hz refresh) that can be seen
  from all places in the room. High definition
  voice is transmitted in several languages to
  accommodate a diverse audience using a codec like
  GIPS iPCM-wb. Audience may moderately interact
  with the presenter.
• Video requirements are 3-5Gbps. Jitter lt5msec.
  Delay lt5msec. 1.0E-7 PER.
• Voice requirements are 50Kbps. Jitter lt10msec.
  Delay lt10msec. 1.0E-2 PER.
• Audio and video must be synchronized.
• Environment
• Mostly open indoor space of 300x300. Mostly
  LOS with a few obstacles such as partitions and
  people. Max distance between end-points 200
  yards.

• Traffic Conditions
• High-Def video for a very large stage screen. As
  many as five audio streams to accommodate
  multiple languages, each stream is high-def
  audio. QoS must be ensured within application
  requirements. Interference or bandwidth
  contention may come from laptops or cells phones
  within the auditorium accessing the Internet with
  as much as 20 available bandwidth being
  allocated to such devices..
• Use Case
• Video sessions are set up off-line.
• The event goes live for e.g. 2 hours.
• Live translation to multiple languages then
  transmission of the audio.
• Possible some audience questions or
  interactivity.
• Sessions are terminated.

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Usage Model 5b Public Safety Mesh Incident
Area Networking

• Traffic Conditions
• Traffic conditions can be harsh due to other
  Wi-Fi networks operating in same environment. IAN
  environment will typically require dedicated
  spectrum (e.g. 4.9GHz in US) or require a
  spectrum allocation policy among first
  responders. Traffic patterns based on
  applications described in applications section.
• Use Case
• First responder shows up at disaster zone, with a
  set of pre-configured Mesh APs (incl. power
  supply)
• Mesh APs get deployed throughout the incident
  area
• Public internet access gets established
  (optional)
• Responders from various agencies obtain access to
  the Wi-Fi Mesh IAN, to support their applications
• Mesh networking managers repeatedly reposition
  Mesh APs to achieve most appropriate coverage and
  network availability
• Network gets torn down when disaster response
  activities are terminated.

Pre-Conditions Public Safety Agency owns a
number of pre-configured WLAN Mesh Access Points.
At the site of a public safety incident (e.g.
Chemical plant explosion, earthquake zone,
hurricane disaster zone), public safety agencies
rapidly roll out a Wi-Fi Mesh network for
Broadband data networking. Application The
Wi-Fi Mesh network provides broadband data
networking access to large numbers of emergency
responders across multiple agencies. Depending on
the geographic area and size of the incident, up
to several hundred responders may be active in
the area of a single IAN. The number of Mesh
hops to access to the public internet can be
quite large, and in practice will be constrained
by the throughput availability and other
capabilities of the VHT Mesh points. Applications
using the network include email, compressed SD
and HD video, video conferencing, web browsing,
GIS apps access, non mission critical voice.
Throughput requirements for heavily loaded Mesh
trunks are in the 1 Gbps range ( based on
multiple video streams per user). QoS support is
essential. Environment Environments can be
highly variable e.g. largely indoor, urban
canyon, inside mine, largely outdoor, mix of
indoor and outdoor. Range/throughput expectation
is high deployment optimized for maximum
coverage, with minimum amount of Mesh APs,
supporting required usage scenario
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Usage Model 5b Public Safety Mesh Specific
Application Requirements

• Video Requirements
• HD compressed video 20Mbps, jitter is lt50
  msec, delay is lt 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER
• SD compressed video 5Mbps, jitter is lt200
  msec, delay is lt 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER.
• 50 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate
  bandwidth of 5020Mbps 205Mbps 1.1Gbps.
• Voice Requirements
• Standard quality voice streams 50Kbps. Jitter
  lt10msec. Delay lt10msec. 1.0E-2 PER.
• 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement
  of 3050Kbps 1.5Mbps.

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Category 6 Manufacturing Floor Automation

• Factory floor within large metallic buildings.
  Applications have a large variance in data
  transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability.

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Usage Model 6 Manufacturing Floor Automation

• Traffic Conditions
• Hundreds or thousands of independent links and
  data streams with varying QoS, reliability, and
  throughput, requirements. Aggregate data flows
  range into multiple Gbps requirements.
• Use Case
• Multiple systems in factory starting, stopping,
  and flowing network traffic in a largely
  asynchronous environment.
• Some data flows have significant integrity
  requirements (large material-handling machines
  cranes, crawlers, etc.)
• Some data flows have significant QoS
  requirements (VoIP, Video streams, etc.)
• Factory is VERY electrically noisy spark-gap
  noise (electric motors, etc.), microwave ovens,
  other technologies (RFID, RTLS, etc.), and
  competing 802.x wireless systems.

• Pre-Conditions
• A WLAN is operational in manufacturing space that
  has hundreds to thousands of individual tasks
  happening each minute. Many of these tasks
  require communications.
• Application
• All types of information required to run large
  manufacturing floor. Large variances in data
  transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability
  exist. Here are some examples
• Streaming of live or CAD video requires high
  throughput, time sensitive, and reliable
  transfers.
• Voice requires lower bandwidth and time
  sensitive transfers reliability is less of a
  concern.
• Machine-machine communications, robotic material
  handling requires high reliability but is less
  time sensitive.
• Data loading machines is high bandwidth but low
  in time sensitivity. Application layer protocols
  would ensure reliability.
• Environment
• Communication is within a large metallic
  building. High reverberation, long propagation
  distances (10s100s meters), long delay
  spreads. Constantly moving equipment changing RF
  propagation channel model.

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Usage Model 6 Manufacturing Floor Automation
Specific Application Requirements

• Video Requirements
• HD compressed video 20Mbps, jitter is lt50
  msec, delay is lt 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER
• SD compressed video 5Mbps, jitter is lt200
  msec, delay is lt 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER.
• 50 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate
  bandwidth of 5020Mbps 205Mbps 1.1Gbps.
• Voice Requirements
• Standard quality voice streams 50Kbps. Jitter
  lt10msec. Delay lt10msec. 1.0E-2 PER.
• 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement
  of 3050Kbps 1.5Mbps.

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