Exercise 12 Ferns

1
Exercise 12 Ferns

• Introductory Notes

2
(No Transcript)
3
Highlight or underline

• Ferns are the most important group of seedless
  vascular plants.
• There is a well developed alternation of
  generations with both the sporophyte and
  gametophyte independent at maturity.
• The sporophyte is the most familiar

4
Sporophyte External Morphology

• Highlight or underline
• The part of the plant visible above the soil is
  the leaf or frond.
• The stem is represented by a horizontal
  underground rhizome.
• True roots are present on the rhizome.

5
Internal Anatomy
Polypodium
Adiantum
Vascular Tissues
Answer question (1)
6
Pinna
Blade
Petiole
Rhizome
Roots
Fig. 12.1
7
Frond
Fig. 12.1
8
Fig. 12.4
Phloem
Xylem
Endodermis
9
Asexual Reproduction

• Highlight or underline
• On the underside of the frond are brown spots
  called sori.
• Each sorus is a cluster of sporangia.
• The sorus may be covered by a tissue called the
  indusium.

10
Figure 12.5 Fern Sporangium
11
Figure 12.6
Frond
12
Asexual Reproduction

• Highlight or underline
• Thick walled cells are called an annulus.
• As they dehydrate pressure builds up causing them
  to tear open the sporangium.
• Later it springs back into position scattering
  the spores.

13
Rhizoid
Antheridium
Sperm
Prothallus
Fig. 12.8
14
Figure 12.7
15
Fig. 12.9
Egg
Neck of Archegonium
Prothallus
16
Fig. 12.10
Young Sporophyte
17
Fig. 12.11
Young Sporophyte
18
Fiddlehead
Immature fern fronds are often called fiddleheads.
19
Questions
Moss Protonema
Compare and answer 1
20
Questions

• Compare and answer 2

21
Questions

• Review page 122(of this exercise) and answer 3
• Skip all of 4
• Clue for 5 - meiosis is taking place in the
  sporangium which is protected by the indusium
• Clue for 6 what is still needed for the sperm
  to get to the egg?

22
Mature Sporophyte
Fiddlehead
Sporangium
Spore mother cells
Embryo
Tetrad of Spores
Zygote
Spores
Spore Dispersal
Sperm
Spore Germination
Antheridia
Prothallus
Archegonia