Lysbeskyttende emballasje

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Lysbeskyttende emballasje

• Fagseminar 19/5-2008
• Den Norske Emballasjeforening
• Fredrik E. Skaug
• Elopak Board and barriers

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Outline

• Elopak (Hvem, Hva, Hvor)
• Elopaks tilnærming til beskyttelse mot lys
• Hvordan måles lysbarriere?
• Kjemi (Verdt å Vite, eks. melk)
• Hvilke faktorer er mest avgjørende for negative
  effekter som følge av lys?
• Materialer og beskyttelse - lystransmissjonkurver
• Elopaks materialer
• Transparente materialer (PET)
• HDPE

ELOPAK
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Introducing ElopakWho we areWhat we doHow we
do it
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Elopak Supplies Complete Packaging System
Solutions
Cartons
Competence
Handling
Filling
Closures
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A Strong Portfolio of Packaging Systems for
Liquid Food Products
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Elopak World Wide Presence

• 17 manufacturing plants for carton and plastic
  bottles, materials handling equipment and filling
  machines for carton all over the world
• Food science and technology are at the heart of
  what we do, however our people are our most
  valuable asset
• The company is part of the privately owned Ferd
  Group.

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Key figures 2007

• Net sales revenue NOK 5.478 mill.
• (EURO 683 mill.)
• Carton sales 11,3 billion units
• Operational Result NOK 296 mill.
• (EURO 37 mill.)
• Number of employees 2500 )
• Number of salesand service offices More than
  40
• Number formanufacturing units 17)
• Sales to More than 100 markets
• Pure-Pak Associates 4

) incl. Joint Ventures
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Elopak history

• Elopak (European licensee of Pure-Pak) was
  formed in 1957
• A major supplier of Pure-Pak cartons in Europe.
• In 1987, Elopak purchased the U.S. assets of
  Ex-Cell-O Corporation's Packaging Systems
  Division.
• Today Elopak is one of the world's leading
  companies within liquid food packaging, with a
  global network of production centers, sales
  offices, subsidiaries and licensees.

Patent 19. October 1915
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ELOPAK
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Elopak approach - market trends
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Competence and customer needs

• Holds necessary competence within
• Physics of light
• Material science
• Effect of light on liquid products (focus milk /
  juice)
• Provides light barrier solutions based on
• Customer needs
• Own experience and trials

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Explanation to light wavelengths

• To show the relationship between visible light,
  color and wavelengths the electromagnetic
  spectrum is a good illustration
• Light (UV or Visible) is given by one range of
  wavelengths, as is
• IR-radiation,
• radiowaves,
• microwaves etc
• Gamma rays

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How to determine light barrier of a material

• UV-VIS spectrophotometer with integrating sphere.
• Given intensity from a controlled light source,
• Percentage of light that goes through the package
  material per wavelength
• Transmission data is given for 300nm-700nm.
• all the wavelengths of visible light
  (400nm-700nm)
• near UV range (300nm-400nm).

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Model for action of light and oxygen
UVB UVA
Other photosensitizers in other foods act similar
to riboflavin. Absorbs at different wavelengths
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The photosensitiser - Riboflavin
Absorption spectrum
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Photosensitisers general principle
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Effects of light exposure on milk
The classical picture

• Vitamin degradation Riboflavin (in
  hours) Vitamin A Vitamin C
• Oxidation products Dimethyl sulphide (in
  hours) Pentanal Hexanal 1-Octen-3-one
  Acetaldehyde 1-Hexen-3-one
• Sensory changes Off-taste development

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Sensory changes I

• Burnt feather or sunlight flavour
• Develops over 2 3 days (5 minutes in direct
  sunlight!)
• Due to degradation of sulphur-containing amino
  acids in whey proteins
• Was thought to be due to formation of methional
  now thought to be primarily due to the formation
  of dimethlysulphide

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Sensory changes II

• Cardboard or metallic flavour
• Develops after 4 - 5 days
• Due to lipid oxidation
• e.g. formation of n-hexanal from linoleic
  acid

CH3(CH2)4CHCHCH2CHCH(CH2)7COOH
1O2
CH3(CH2)4CHCHCH2CHCH(CH2)7COOH
I O _ OH
CH3(CH2)4CHO
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Which wavelengths of light are important?
nm 400 450
500 550 600
650 kJ.mol-1 298 238 198
Energy required for formation of singlet oxygen
92 kJ.mol-1 Energy required for
activation of singlet oxygen to triplet 104
kJ.mol-1

• Visible light (400 700 nm) All l a potential
  problem

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Most important influencing factors

• Light source (emission spectra and intensity of
  the light sources)
• Distance from light source to container
• Obstacles between light source and container
• Light barrier of the container (transmission
  spectrum)
• Chemical premises (absorption spectra of
  photo-sensitizers).
• Oxygen present in product/package
• Oxygen transmission of material
• Time
• Temperature

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Emission spectrum of sunlight

• Exposure to sunlight should be avoided

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Emission spectra of fluorescent tubes
Phillips 16/40 Yellow
Osram 19/40 Daylight

• Some fluorescent tubes have emission lines which
  correspond to absorption bands of riboflavin

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Light source - emission
Package material - transmission
Liquid product photosensitizer absorption
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Light transmission, board vs plastics
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Light transmission data, Elopak materials
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Light transmission, pigmented PET
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Light transsion of packaging materials

• Plastic no barrier
• Plastic no barrier
• Plastic brown barrier
• Cardboard
• Plastic black barrier

• UV light (200 380 nm) almost entirely absorbed
  by all packaging materials

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Photo-protection by packaging materials

• Many studies show
• Transparent materials (glass and plastic) perform
  worst
• Pigments in transparent plastics improve
  performance
• Cartons and opaque plastics perform best
• Direct comparisons between most studies are not
  possible due to multiple variables

Cladman et al 1998 Erikson 1997