Introduction to Biology II

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Introduction to Biology II

• Biology 1312

Spring 2007
Dr. Brad Hoge
Homeostasis
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Homeostasis

• Thermoregulation
• Osmoregulation
• Excretion

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Thermoregulation

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• Evaporation

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Relationship Between Body Temperature and Ambient
Temperature

• Ectotherms
• Endotherms

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Thermoregulatory Strategies

• Vasodilation
• Vasoconstriction
• Heat Exchange
• Sweating
• Behavioral Responses
• Changing metabolic rate

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Endothermy

• Mammals
• Birds

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Ectothermy

• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Fishes
• Invertebrates

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Feedback Mechanisms
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Acclimatization

• Heat-Shock Proteins
• Torpor
• Hibernation
• Estivation

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Osmoregulation

• Nitrogenous Waste
• Ammonia
• Urea
• Uric Acid

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Osmolarity

• Osmoconformers
• Osmoregulators
• Salt Water Environments
• Fresh Water Environments

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Excretion

• Filtration
• Secretion

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Urinary Systems

• Metanephridia
• Malpighian Tubules
• Kidneys

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Nephrons
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Hormonal Control of Feedback
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Chemical Signals in Animals

• Hormones
• Target Cells
• Feedback

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Endocrine System

• Endocrine Glands
• Neurosecretory Cells

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Hormonal Control of Growth and Development
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Mechanism of Chemical Signaling
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Types of Hormones

• Steroid Hormones
• Thyroid Hormones
• Local Regulators

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Major Glands and Their Hormones
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary
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Thyroid Hormones
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Endocrine Tissues
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Adrenal Glands
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Gonadal Steroids
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