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Chapter 8: Group Dynamics and Teamwork

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A collection of 2 or more interacting individuals (or cows) who ... Prescriptive versus proscriptive. Status. Status symbols versus informal. Cohesiveness ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 8: Group Dynamics and Teamwork


1
Chapter 8 Group Dynamics and Teamwork
  • November 9, 2000

2
What is a group?
DEFINITION A collection of 2 or more interacting
individuals (or cows) who maintain stable
patterns of relationships, share common goals,
and perceive themselves as being a group. (page
230)
Source The Far Side
3
Types of Groups in Organizations
  • Formal intentionally designed by organization
    to direct members towards a goal
  • Command Group (e.g. supervisor and subordinates)
  • Task Group (e.g. task force)
  • Informal develop naturally among people without
    any direction from organization
  • Interest Group
  • Friendship Group

4
Why Join a Group?
  • Satisfy mutual interest
  • Safety in numbers
  • Fulfill basic psychological need to be social
  • Nurture self-esteem

5
Stages in Group Development
  • Forming The introduction
  • Storming The compromise
  • Norming Acceptance
  • Performing Task fulfillment
  • Adjourning Mission accomplished

6
Structure of Work Groups
  • Roles
  • What hat are you wearing?
  • Norms
  • Informal
  • Prescriptive versus proscriptive
  • Status
  • Status symbols versus informal
  • Cohesiveness
  • Groupthink

7
Individual performance and groups
  • Social Facilitation
  • Perform better if know task
  • Perform weaker if task is new
  • Why?
  • Mere presence
  • Evaluation apprehension
  • Distraction-conflict
  • Computerized performance monitoring Big
    Brother
  • Cultural Diversity
  • Weak link over time
  • Social Loafing
  • The free rider

8
What makes a team?
DEFINITION A group whose members have
complementary skills and are committed to a
common purpose or set of performance goals for
which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
(p. 250)
9
Why teams are different from groups
  • Interdependence collective work products
  • Mutual accountability
  • Common commitment to purpose
  • Self-managing

10
The Exercise
  • Can we make a team?

11
Discussion Question 1
  • Do you think the formation of teams will increase
    organizational performance? Why?

12
Types of Teams
  • Purpose/Mission
  • Work or improvement
  • Time
  • Permanent or temporary
  • Autonomy
  • Self-managed work teams
  • Authority Structure
  • Intact and cross-function teams

13
Stages of Work Team Creation
  • Stage 1 Do prework
  • Stage 2 Create performance conditions
  • Stage 3 Form and build the team
  • Stage 4 Provide ongoing assistance

14
Why do teams fail?
  • Unwilling to cooperate with each other
  • Fail to receive support from management
  • Manager unwilling to relinquish control
  • Fail to cooperate with other teams - rivalry

15
Building High-Performance Teams
  • Diversify team membership
  • Keep teams small in size
  • Select the right team members
  • Train, train, train
  • Clarify goals
  • Link individual rewards to team performance
  • Use appropriate performance measures
  • Encourage participation
  • Cultivate team spirit and social support
  • Foster communication and cooperation
  • Emphasize the urgency of the teams task
  • Clarify the rules of behaviour
  • Regularly confront teams with new facts
  • Acknowledge and reward
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