PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
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• Soft, silvery-white member of the alkali metal
  group.
• Floats on water
• Reacts explosively with water.

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Chunks under argon. The slightest traces of
oxygen, water vapor or even nitrogen will react
with K causing a characteristic purple
discoloration. When exposed to larger amounts of
oxygen in the atmosphere, the rind on the surface
of metallic potassium can contain explosive
peroxides. Old jars of potassium should be
treated with great caution!
4
A fairly soft, silvery metal belonging to group
2. It reacts with oxygen and water. Key
constituent of limestone.
5
Turnings under Ar. Ca, a vital ingredient of our
bones and teeth, is a shiny silver metal. Without
the protection of Ar, it tarnishes in air and is
reduced to the powdery calcium oxide form piling
up like dust.
6
Snail shells. The hard parts of many animals,
including these land snails are formed of calcium
carbonate or calcium phosphate.
7
A rare, light, silvery white metal that is more
common in the sun than on earth. It tarnishes
slowly in air and is quite reactive.
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Crystals under Ar These pieces of high purity
scandium metal are sealed in a glass ampoule
under Ar to prevent them from slowly turning
yellow through oxidation.
9
A strong, light, shiny metal that heads group 4.
It is stronger than steel and resistant to
corrosion due to formation of a thin layer of
oxide.
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Hip joint socket. This image shows the outside
of the "cup" that is embedded in the pelvis to
provide the socket into which the matching ball
at the top of the femur is located. The intricate
honeycomb surface of the implant allows bone to
grow into the metal forming a very strong bond.
Titanium is an excellent material for this
purpose due to its lack of toxicity, strength and
high resistance to corrosion.
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A silvery metal that heads group 5 and which is
useful in producing very strong steel alloys used
in making tools.
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Wrench. V alloys of iron are widely used for
tools of all sorts because of their great
strength and toughness. The properties of iron
can be varied hugely by the addition of small
amounts of alloying agents.
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Vanadinite. It is often associated to lead
deposits. It varies in color from brown to red,
forming pretty crystals. Vanadinite used to be an
important ore of vanadium but the metal is now
usually obtained as a by-product in the
production of other metals.
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A hard, silvery metal with a blue cast that heads
group 6. It can be polished to a mirror-like
finish and is a skin irritant.
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Electrowinning broken plate. Electrowinning is
the process of reducing metal from a solution
onto an electrode using an electric current.
Similar to electroplating except that you keep
going to build up a thick layer, which is then
broken off the electrode and sold. Several
high-purity metals are thus available in the form
of broken plate.
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Dodge emblem. Chromium is the best choice for
plating shiny things, especially when associated
with automobiles, like this trailer hitch cover.
Chrome bumpers are actually plated mostly with
nickel, which is a better and cheaper rust
inhibitor, but the outermost layer of plating is
always chromium, because it's shinier.
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A hard, brittle, silvery metal that heads group
7. It is widely used in making special steels
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Battery. Before the alkaline batteries, the
standard design was the "dry cell" based on
carbon and zinc electrodes in a manganese dioxide
electrolyte. This battery is a more modern
variant using manganese and lithium. It is able
to provide a low current for extended periods and
is typically used for powering clocks.
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Manganese nodule. Nodules like this one are
brought up from deep ocean floors. At one time
there was great excitement about the commercial
potential of mining manganese nodules, but it
turns out that the story of their potential was
fabricated as a cover to explain why a large
American deep-ocean retrieval vessel was sent to
poke around in an area where a Soviet submarine
had sunk earlier.
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Pure iron is a fairly soft, silvery metal that
readily rusts in damp air. It is the most common
element in the earth, forming the molten core.
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Ball bearings. These steel ball bearings are
sold as ammunition for a slingshot. Steel is iron
with a small proportion of carbon.
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Meteorite. From a meteor shower which fell in
1947 in the Russian Far East. The meteorite had
an estimated mass of around 100 tons and entered
Earth's atmosphere at more than 28,000 mph. It
broke up on entering the atmosphere, with the
fragments falling together. The fall left
approximately 120 craters and could be seen and
heard 200 miles away. The meteorite is composed
of 92 iron, 6 nickel, 0.4 cobalt, 0.4
phosphorus, 0.3 sulfur and trace amounts of
copper, gallium, germanium and iridium.
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Hematite. Hematite takes its name from the Greek
haimatites (blood-like), referring to its color.
Its other name, kidney ore, refers to
kidney-likeshape as seen here. Hematite is one of
the principal ores of iron.
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A hard, silvery blue metal that heads group 9. It
has ferromagnetic properties and is used in
making magnets.
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A shiny, silvery metal that is resistant to
corrosion and easily worked. It is used
extensively in alloys, particularly stainless
steel.
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Canadian quarters. A lot of Canadian currency is
made from Nickel like those quarters. However
since 2001 they are mostly steel and small amount
of Ni.
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An attractive red-gold metal that is an excellent
conductor of heat and electricity, easily worked
and resistant to corrosion.
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The dimple on this cast cylinder of copper nicely
demonstrates this metal's slight increase on
density when it freezes. Copper melts at just
over 1,000 C. The element's high thermal
conductivity means that you can direct a very hot
flame at the surface for several seconds and yet
touch the heated spot with a bare finger
immediately. The heat is very rapidly distributed
throughout the mass of the cylinder.
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Roofing nails. Copper sheets are a very high
quality roofing material, and will last virtually
forever as long as they are nailed down with
copper nails. Use of other metals can lead to
electrolytic corrosion of the sheeting or nails,
greatly accelerating the failure of the roof..
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1500-pair telephone cable. In the 20th century,
these bundled cables carried telephone
conversations. This 1500 pair (3000 wire) cable
could carry, 1500 simultaneous conversations. A
modern optical fiber can carry ten or more times
as many conversations in a diameter equal to a
single pair of these copper wires.
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Native copper. Copper is one of the few elements
that occur in pure form in nature. This "native",
or naturally occurring, copper is from the Lake
region of Michigan state, an area that has been
mined for copper since antiquity.
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A soft, blue-white metal that is quite reactive.
It tarnishes easily and forms a layer of white
oxide on its surface.
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Water dropped nodules. These strange forms come
about when just-molten zinc is poured
(carefully!) into a bucketof cold water.
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