PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
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A soft, shiny grey metal which is protected from
tarnishing by a thin oxide layer. Widely used to
produce special alloys.
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Small cylinders. Niobium - which is often called
by its old name columbium in the USA - is highly
compatible with living tissues and so is often
included in alloys for artificial body parts.
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Nose ring. Niobium is one of several unusual
metals (others are tantalum and zirconium) used
for body-piercing jewelry. Two properties give it
an advantage in this application non-toxic and
corrosion resistant. oxidize in a nice way
which refract light to produce subtle iridescent
colors.
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Molybdenum has a very high melting point over
2,600C. It is used in making furnaces for
melting glass, and in high-pressure,
high-temperature chemical reaction vessels.
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Molybdenite. Molybdenite was often confused
with lead. It is as soft as talc, lead gray in
color and closely resembles graphite in
appearance.
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An ultra-rare radioactive metal found in trace
amounts in Uranium and Thorium ores where it
arises from nuclear fission. It occurs at higher
levels in some stars. All isotopes are too
radioactive to display.
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A shiny silver precious metal in the platinum
group that is used for making catalysts,
electrodes and for alloying in jewelry.
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A hard, shiny silver precious metal in the
platinum group that can be polished to a mirror
finish. It is one of the most costly elements and
mainly used as a catalyst in the automobile
industry.
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Those 3cm strip 1mm thick 31g are worth app.
1,000. In 1990, with rising demand for making
catalytic converters that could reduce emissions
of nitrogen oxides, the price spiked to 7,200
per 31g. 1kg 1M.
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Dental mirror. Rhodium is the most reflective
element finds application in specialist mirrors
for light houses, high performance car head lamps
and dental mirrors.
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In the platinum group that is easily worked and
widely used as a catalyst.
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Chunks. Palladium has a remarkable ability to
absorb hydrogen gas. These 1cm pieces are capable
of soaking up over one liter of the gas. The H2
molecules can fit into the gaps between the Pd
atoms in its crystal structure, causing slight
expansion of the metal when this occurs.
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Leaf. Palladium is a highly malleable precious
metals that can be beaten into thin sheets called
leaf, like the gold and platinum. These leaves
are so delicate that a gentle blow would be
enough to break them.
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Catalytic converter. Largest application for Pd
is as the active ingredient (with Pl and often
Rh) in the catalytic converters. This honeycomb
material is a piece of the active catalyst
containing a few grams of Pd as a fine powder.
Hot exhaust from the engine is encourage to
react with oxygen to further burn carbon monoxide
into less poisonous (but still environmentally
harmful) carbon dioxide.
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A soft, bright shiny metal which is highly
malleable and widely used in jewelry, industry
and photography. It is stable in air but
tarnishes if exposed to sulphur.
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Native silver. Like its fellow transition
metals, Cu and Au, silver occurs in nature in the
free state but is less common in this form than
gold because of its greater reactivity. It occurs
as arborescent (tree-like) or dendritic
(fern-like) crystals
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A soft, silvery-blue metal which tarnishes in
air. It is a cumulative poison and particularly
toxic if inhaled.
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Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad) rechargeable battery.
Nickel-cadmium batteries used to be the standard
rechargeable design. These days they are replaced
by the more expensive lithium ion and nickel
metal hydride types. They do not suffer from the
"memory" effect whereby a battery that is
partially charged several times in succession can
temporarily lose its ability to take a full
charge. Another reason why nicads are being
phased out is that they present a disposal
problem. This cell contains over 10g of toxic
cadmium and is likely to end up in a landfill
site where it will eventually corrode and may
pollute ground water.
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A very soft metal soft enough to be cut with a
knife with a low melting point and good
resistance to tarnishing.
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Tin melts at a conveniently low 232C, making it
an excellent metal for casting. It is widely used
to plate steel for canning.
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Plumbing solder. Ordinary solder is an alloy of
tin to lead in the ratio 1 to 3.
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Cassiterite. The most important tin ore. Mixed
with copper ores led to the discovery of bronze,
a metal superior to both tin and copper, thus
kick starting the Bronze Age.
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Antimony shares with bismuth, gallium and water
the unusual property of expanding slightly when
it freezes. This makes it ideal for casting,
where it pushes its way tightly into the mold to
reproduce fine detail
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TRIVIA Apparently antimony's laxative properties
were well known in the Middle Ages. After having
the desired effect, the expelled pills could be
retrieved and kept handy for a future bout of
constipation
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It reacts with other elements to produce a wide
range of compounds called tellurides.
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Crystals. Tellurium will not kill you, but it
can certainly make you unpopular. Eating less
than the equivalent of a few grains of sugar will
give you an unpleasant garlic-like odor breath
and sweat. This is the smell of dimethyl
telluride, which is the compound into which
tellurium is converted by the body. It is the
same substance found in onions and garlic bulbs.
It would last for over 8 months!
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A shiny, dark purple-grey non-metal and the
fourth member of the halogens. It sublimes easily
to produce a beautiful purple vapor i.e. when
heated it will hardly becomes liquid before
becoming a gas.
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A heavy, unreactive noble gas present in trace
amounts in the atmosphere. It is not completely
inert, forming a number of exotic compounds with
fluorine. simply by mixing the two gases and
leaving them in sunlight. Less well-known is
xenon's anaesthetic properties.
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