The Kingdom Protista

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The Kingdom Protista

• A classification problem
• Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms
• Autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Some move with flagella, pseudopods or cilia
• Animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like groups
• Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis

Entamoeba histolytica
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Ecological Importance of Protists

• Important foundation in food chain
• Produce vast amount of O2
• Decomposition
• Symbiotic relationships
• Mutualistic
• Parasitic
• Medicinal and Industrial Uses

Euglena is both autotrophic and heterotrophic
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Kingdom Protista Cont.

• Animal-like
• Heterotrophs
• Movement-pseudopod, cilia, flagella

Euglena has a flagellum!!!
Pseudopod
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Kingdom Protista Cont.

• Fungus-like Protists
• Heterotrophs, cell walls, spores for reproduction
• All can moveFungi cant!!!!
• Water Mold Example
• Downy Mildew Example -these can effect crops!!!
• Slime Molds-often time considered part of the
  Fungi Kingdom

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Protist Kingdom Cont.

• Plant-like Protists
• These are commonly called ALGAE
• They are all autotrophs.
• Examples-this website is all inclusive and
  provides many examples of all protists

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The Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotic
• Cell walls contain chitin
• Multicellular, except for yeasts
• Heterotrophic
• Main body multicellular fungi composed of hyphae
• Sexual and asexual reproduction
• Fungi

Puffball Drops of rain trigger the release of
spores
Pholiota spp Degrades wood very quickly
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Ecological Importance of Fungi

• Decomposers
• Symbiotic
• Parasitic
• On plants
• On animals
• Mutualistic
• Lichens
• Mycorrhizae
• Interaction with plant roots

Epidermophyton floccosum, fungi causing
athletes foot
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Club Fungi (Basidiomycotes)

• Mushrooms are most common Club Fungi
• Spores are produced in a club-shaped structure
  called a basidium
• Check out these examples

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Sac Fungi (Ascomycotes)

• Diverse group of over 30,000 different species
• Spores produced in a structure called an ascus
• Yeast is a single celled example that buds
• Most form ascospores from fused nuclei
• Morels are examples
• More Examples

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Zygote Fungi (Zygomycotes)

• Fungi that belong to this group produce spores in
  a round spore called a SPORAGIUM on the tips of
  upright hyphae.
• Mold on bread is of this group!!
• Examples

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Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycotes)

• These are a group that do not have a sexual stage
  to their life span.
• This poses a problem for classification because
  there is no evidence of sexual reproduction
• They only have been observed reproducing
  asexually through spores
• Penicillium is an example (see picture on right)